FINAL EXAM #1- COLUMN ONE

Question 1

Language

Answer 1

the set of sounds (a SIGN LANGUAGE uses gesture), vocabulary, meanings, and grammar structures used by an identifiable group of people.

Question 2

Idiolect

Answer 2

the language inventory of an individual

Question 3

Dialect

Answer 3

another type of language pattern

Question 4

Accent

Answer 4

a set of pronunciation features typical of a given dialect of a language.

Question 5

Regional Dialect

Answer 5

the language typical of a specific geographical area.

Question 6

Social Dialect

Answer 6

language spoken in our surrounding society (Rich, ghetto, formal)
the grouping may be classed by ethnic, economic or other criteria such as religious or cultural identities.

Question 7

Dialect Atlas

Answer 7

a map drawn by Hans Kurth showing geography and dialect differences

Question 8

Standard American English

Answer 8

how we write and speak

Question 9

African American (Vernacular) English

Answer 9

dialect used by black people

Question 10

Black (Vernacular) English

Answer 10

dialect used by black people

Question 11

Ebonics

Answer 11

dialect used by black people

Question 12

Chicano English

Answer 12

dialect used by black people.

Question 13

Spanglish

Answer 13

dialect used by Mexican-Americans and a half Spanish/English words.

Question 14

American Sign Language

Answer 14

Official lang. of Deaf people in America

Question 15

Prime(s)

Answer 15

the basic formal units of sign lang. corresponding to phonological elements of spoken language

Question 16

First Language Acquisition

Answer 16

the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate as an infant/child.

Question 17

Second Language Aquisition

Answer 17

comprehending and processing additional languages as a child and adult.

Question 18

Interlanguage Grammar

Answer 18

the way a second language learner would translate grammar from one lang. to the other.

Question 19

Motherese

Answer 19

how mother’s talk to their babies (baby talk)

Question 20

Prelinguistic Sounds

Answer 20

noises that infants make.

Question 21

Babbling Stage

Answer 21

putting letters and sounds together. Doesn’t make sense

Question 22

Holophrastic / One-Word Stage

Answer 22

child can say one word (No, no, no)

Question 23

Two-Word Stage

Answer 23

Child uses simple two word sentences (up, now)

Question 24

Telegraphic Stage

Answer 24

children saying more words, but not correct (No sit there; Cathy want candy)

Question 25

Mean Length of Utterance

Answer 25

speech developmental tool. Children produce utterances at 2.5 to 3.5 morphemes in length, they are at the grammatical stage.

Question 26

Universal Grammar

Answer 26

laws that pertain to all human languages, representing the universal properties of language. (generalizations that describe "language as a thing")

Question 27

Innateness Hypothesis

Answer 27

the theory that human species is genetically equipped with a universal grammar

Question 28

Poverty Of The Stimulus

Answer 28

the incomplete, noisy and unstructured utterances that children hear, including slips of the tongue, false starts and ungrammatical and incomplete sentences, together with a lack of concrete evident about abstract grammar rules

Question 29

Critical Stage Hypothesis

Answer 29

there is a window of time between early childhood and puberty for learning a first language

Question 30

Imitation Hypothesis

Answer 30

children learn their language by imitating adult speech

Question 31

Analogy Hypothesis

Answer 31

the use of one form as an exemplar by which other forms can be similarly constructed

Question 32

Reinforcement Hypothesis

Answer 32

discuss after something like a presentation

Question 33

Syntactic Overgeneralization

Answer 33

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Question 34

Semantic Overgeneralization

Answer 34

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Question 35

Bilingual Language Acquisition

Answer 35

the acquisition of 2 or more languages before the age of 3 such that each language is acquired with native competency

Question 36

Unitary System Hypothesis

Answer 36

a proposal that a bilingual child initially constructs only one lexicon and one grammar for both languages being acquired

Question 37

Separate System Hypothesis

Answer 37

a bilingual child builds a distinct lexicon and grammar for each language being acquired

Question 38

Metalinguistic Awareness

Answer 38

a speaker’s conscious awareness about language and the use of language, as opposed to linguistic knowledge

Question 39

Fossilized Error

Answer 39

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Question 40

Lingua Franca

Answer 40

a language used for purposes of trade and social interchange by people from several language backgrounds. A Lingua Franca might be a pidgin, a creole, or a "standard" language. Now, English is a Lingua Franca for international air and maritime communication.

Question 41

Code Switching

Answer 41

a speaker’s conscious awareness about language and the use of language, as opposed to linguistic knowledge

Question 42

Style Shifting

Answer 42

the continuum or spectrum can be used to measure in it | o When speaking in different contexts

Question 43

Pidgin

Answer 43

a mixed language that springs up when people of various home languages come into contact and piece together a Lingua Franca from the vocabulary and syntax of the home languages and some "dominant" language important to their trade or other social interchange.

Question 44

Creole

Answer 44

language, technically speaking, arises when a generation grows up with Pidgin, using it as the first language.

Question 45

Basilect*

Answer 45

an ideal standard language

Question 46

Acrolect*

Answer 46

Spanish/dutch (if your from mexico the standard is Spanish)

Question 47

Creole Continuum*

Answer 47

range of usage from a home language mixture

Question 48

Neologism

Answer 48

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Question 49

Derivation

Answer 49

the steps in the application of rules to an underlying form that results in a surface representation

Question 50

Phonological Change

Answer 50

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Question 51

Intervocalic Voicing

Answer 51

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