Exam Two- Semantics II (Definitions)

Question 1

Acronym

Answer 1

a word formed from the initial letters of a name or by combining letters of a series of words

Question 2

Sentence

Answer 2

consists of a subject and predicate; expresses a complete thought

Question 3

Subject (simple & complete)

Answer 3

the main word in the complete subject
o the four new students arrived early
o complete: the main word and all its modifies
• four new students

Question 4

Predicate (simple & complete)

Answer 4

o simple: the main word or group of word in the complete predicate
o Sarah’s sister took us bowling yesterday
o complete: the verb and all its modifiers
• took us bowling yesterday

Question 5

Clause

Answer 5

a group of words with a subject-verb relationship; it may be working independently or in a coordinate or subordinate relationship to other units to form a sentence

Question 6

Phrase

Answer 6

a group of related words working together without a subject-verb relationship

Question 7

Interjection

Answer 7

an exclamatory word that expresses emotion

Question 8

Noun

Answer 8

person, place, or thing

Question 9

Proper Noun

Answer 9

name used for a person, organization, place

Question 10

Possessive Noun

Answer 10

a noun that shows ownership to someone or something

Question 11

Plural Noun

Answer 11

a form of a noun that typically denotes more than one person, thing

Question 12

Case

Answer 12

: the grammatical relationship of nouns and pronouns to other words in a sentense

Question 13

Subjective Case

Answer 13

1st – I, we, 2nd – you, you, 3rd – he/she/it, they

• She was on time, we were later than they were

Question 14

Object case

Answer 14

1st – me, us, 2nd – you, you, 3rd – him/her/it, them

o She saw him, we greeted them, he called us

Question 15

Possessive case

Answer 15

1st – my/mine, ours/ours, 2nd – your/yours, 3rd – his/hers/its, their/theirs
o It’s his, we saw their car, our cat licked its paws

Question 16

Verb

Answer 16

action or state of being

Question 17

Intransitive Verb

Answer 17

expresses action of a subject but the action does not immediately affect a noun after a verb
o Jesus wept, the plane crashed

Question 18

Transitive Verb

Answer 18

expresses the action of the subject and carries it to someone or something after the verb
o onions give her mother indigestion
o the police officer wrote Ben a speeding ticket
o the squad ambushed an enemy officer today

Question 19

Linking Verb

Answer 19

sets a subject equal to a noun or adjective
o linking is done by forms of the verb BE acting as a main verb or by verbs of sense or perception
o expresses state of being or condition
o Gary was a linebacker
o Sharon is a senior

Question 20

Main Verb

Answer 20

carries the meaning in a verb phrase

Question 21

Auxiliary/Helping Verb

Answer 21

to express other tenses from simple present and past tenses
o have gone, will see, would have called, is arriving, has been waiting
o basic auxiliary: DO, BE & HAVE

Question 22

Modal Auxiliary

Answer 22

a special class of helping verbs which express ability, possibility, probability, obligation, necessity, permission
o	can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, need, must

Question 23

Semi-Modal Auxiliary

Answer 23

ought to, have to, want to, get to, going to, got to, had better, et cetera

Question 24

Infinitive

Answer 24

a verbal that can function as a noun, adjective, adverb
o To + a verb
o To sleep, to talk

Question 25

Present Participle

Answer 25

ends in –ing (carrying, sharing)

Question 26

Gerund

Answer 26

ends in –ing and functions as a noun

o traveling, singing, sleeping

Question 27

Past Participle

Answer 27

regular verbs end in –ed (carried, shared, tapped)

Question 28

Adjective

Answer 28

describes or modifies a noun

o may express quantity, quality,

Question 29

Article

Answer 29

a type of determiner that precedes a noun

Question 30

Adverb

Answer 30

can modify a verb, adjective or another adverb

o May tll where, when, how, why, how often, or to what extent,