Exam Two- Semantic III (Definitions) Flashcards
Test Format I -- Complete definitions by multiple choice II -- Identify PART OF SPEECH III -- Identify SV, SVO, etc. IV -- Identify Simple Sentence, Compound, Complex, Compound-Complex, and Fragment. Part V – What is it Doing Now? Multiple choice answers to identify exactly what function a specific word is performing in a given sentence context.
Pronoun
replaces or points to a noun
o Barry knows Fairfax -> he lives in that town
Personal Pronoun
subcategorized for number (singular/plural), gender (masculine/feminine), case
Possessive Pronoun
1st – my/mine, 2nd – our, ours, 3rd – his/hers/its, their/theirs
o its his, we saw their car, our cat licked its paws
Relative Pronoun
serve as subject or object in their own clauses, or as possessive modifier of a subject or object, and point back to a noun in another clause
o who, whose, whom, which, that
• the girl, who won the contest, cheered wildly
• the by-laws, which we reviewed, were valid
Demonstrative Pronoun
point to something; they may point to an immediate idea expressed previously or to an idea or situation evident in context o carry meaning of near and far o this, that, these, those o this, these = near o that those = far
Reciprocal Pronoun
are each other or one another
o each other is used with a pair of referents
• the twins whispered to each other
o one another applies to groupings of three or more
• the soccer players encouraged one another
Intensive Pronoun
reinforces the idea of a doer or receiver; formed with –self, or -selves
o we found Jan herself smoking in bed, she made the dress herself, she herself made the dress
Reflexive Pronoun
a –self pronoun used as a direct object; the doer and receiver of action the same person or thing
o andrea cut herself while slicing carrots,
Interrogative Pronoun
used to ask questions
o who, whose, whom, what, which
Indefinite Pronoun
give reference to persons or entities not specifically known or named
o include either, each, all, some, more, most,
o terms built with one, body, thing and some, any, every, and no
o something is wrong, get some more, nobody loves me, surely someone cares
Preposition
a connecting word marking relationship of a noun to another part of a sentence
o expresses a relationship in space, time or concept
Object of the Preposition
the words that follow a preposition
o on the street
o the cat ran under the car
Prepositional Phrase
built with a preposition and a noun or nominal which serves a object of the preposition. It may include modifiers between the preposition and the object of the preposition.
Participial Phrase:
built using the participial form of a verb.
Object of the Participle
the dog chasing our cat growled at me
Gerund Phrase
the present participial or –ing form of a verb, when it works as nominal
o a noun formed from a verb by adding the –ing
o eating blackberries without washing them will make you sick
Object of the Gerund
collecting stamps keeps Bill happy
o Kim earns her money by selling used books
Infinitive Phrase
built with the infinitive verb form. It may contain an object of the infinitive. It may be placed wherever a simple noun might serve or may serve to complement the verb action begun by certain other verbs
Object of the Infinitive
to eat bread
Adjectival Phrase
phrase that modifies a noun or nominal construction
Adverbial Phrase:
phrase that modifies a verb, adverb, or adjective
Coordinating Conjunction
connects items of equal grammatical form
o –AND, -BUT, -OR, -FOR, -YET, -SO
Correlative Conjunction
a type of coordinating conjuction that works in a special pairing, bracketing 2 or more grammatically equivalent items
o –EITHER/OR, -BOTH/AND, -NEITHER/NOR, NOT ONLY/BUT ALSO
Subordinating Conjunction
makes one clause secondary to another
o –before, -after, -if, -because, -since, -even if, -though, -although, -while, -unless
