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Geography > final exam 1 > Flashcards

final exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

major earth systems

A

lithosphere
hydrosphere
biosphere
atmosphere

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2
Q

systems theory

A 
open system
closed system
equilibrium
positive feedbacks
negative feedbacks
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3
Q

latitudes

A

parallels: east to west

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4
Q

longitude

A

meridians:north to south

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5
Q

prime meridian

A

longitude 0 in greenwhich england

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6
Q

international dateline

A

one day to the next

in mid pacific

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7
Q

map projections

A

cylindrical
planar
conical
oval

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8
Q

seasons

A

tilt of the earth on the axis

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9
Q

summer and winter solstice

A

june 22nd tropic of cancer 23.5 ( sun hits perfectly)

dec 22nd tropic of capircorn 34.5 (sun hits perfectly)

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10
Q

equanox

A

day and night equal length
sept 22
march 20

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11
Q

arctic curcle

A

66.5 n

anything north gets 24h daylight

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12
Q

antarctic circle

A

66.5 s

anything s gets 24h daylight

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13
Q

axial tilt

A

23.5

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14
Q

insolation

A

incoming solar radiation

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15
Q

conduction

A

direct contact

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16
Q

radiation

A

no direct contact

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17
Q

convection

A

transfer of energy thorugh fluid

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18
Q

latent heat transfer

A

heat going in or being lost=phase change

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19
Q

sensible heat

A

heat added or lost with no cahnge in phase

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20
Q

earths radiation balance

A

direct radiation=32
diffused=22
reflected=23
absorbed=23

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21
Q

albedo

A

white areas reflecting heat

ave 31%

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22
Q

greenhouse gases

A

sums warmth + earths heat trapped in atmosphere

co2, methane, CFCs

23
Q

chemical composition zones

A

heterosphere-not mixed-higher

monosphere-mixed-lower

24
Q

atmospheric pressure

A

~14.7 lb/in2

elevation increases pressure decreases

25
Q

continental

A

temp varies more, not stable

26
Q

maritime

A

cold summers, warm winters

water helps keep temp stable

27
Q

temperature

A

numerical measure of average heat

28
Q

heat

A

energy total

29
Q

wind

A

gravity
pressure gradient
coriolis effect
friction force

30
Q

low pressure

A

warm air rises >L

31
Q

high pressure

A

cooler air descends

32
Q

coriolis

A

NH counter

SH clockwise

33
Q

ITCZ

A

where trade winds converge
most air pushed upward forming a portion of hadley cell
vigorous thunderstorms

34
Q

permanent pressure zones

A

high over oceans
low over lands
semipermanent over asia H in July L in july

35
Q

deep current circulation

A

driven by temp and salinity

36
Q

surface currents

A

driven by winds

37
Q

oceans=

A

97.2%

38
Q

freshwater

A

2.8%
of that 2.1 in glaciers
.35 groundwater
.27 groundwaer close to surface

39
Q

sublimation

A

S>G

40
Q

warmer air=

A

greater capacity

41
Q

humidity

A

measure of water vapor in the air

42
Q

air masses characterization

A 
continental
marine
arctic
polar 
tropical
43
Q

saturation

A

air capactiy with respect to water vapor

44
Q

atmospheric lifting mechanisms

A 
convergent (L pressure, tropical)
convectional (L pressure, local)
orographic (up over the mountain)
warm fronts 
cold fronts
45
Q

tornadoes

A

warm and cold fronts meet (gulf of mexico and canada) creating an unstable environment. Mainly in the middle of america.

46
Q

tropical depressions

A

least wind

47
Q

tropical storms

A

mid wind

48
Q

hurricane

A

most wind

49
Q

origin of hurricanes

A

warm air over warm water.

L pressure

50
Q

termination of hurricanes

A

hits land

hits westerlies and goes into colder water and peters out.

51
Q

climate

A

what to expect

long term scale

52
Q

weather

A

what is happening now on a short term scale

53
Q

drivers of climate

A 
latitude adn insolation
air masses
location of global high and low pressure zones
ocean currents
topography
land/water distribution

Geography (9 decks)

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