exam 2 part 4-6

Question 1

physical weathering

Answer 1

unloading
thermal expansion
frost cracking
root intrusion
wetting and drying

Question 2

unloading

Answer 2

a rock gets eroded down and no longer has pressure on it and sluffs off. break off perpendicular

Question 3

thermal expansion

Answer 3

minerals expand due to heat

Question 4

frost cracking

Answer 4

water gets into cracks and expands when frozen breaking the rock open

Question 5

root intrution

Answer 5

a root starts to grow within a crevice and eventually breaks the rock

Question 6

wetting and drying

Answer 6

rocks expand when wet and contract when dry leaving cracks

Question 7

chemical weathering

Answer 7

oxidation
dissolution
hydrolysis

Question 8

weathering

Answer 8

rocks break down

Question 9

erosion

Answer 9

transports and moves sediments

Question 10

controls of chemical weathering

Answer 10

chemical reactions, easily remove ions
increase in temp and precipitation
rock type
surface area

Question 11

mass movement classification

Answer 11

based on speed and water content

Question 12

4 major mass movement types

Answer 12

falls
slides
flows
soil creep

Question 13

falls

Answer 13

free fall
dry and high velocity
very steep slope cliffs

Question 14

slides

Answer 14

steep slopes
often after heavy rain
movement depends on lithology and rock structure
semi rapid sliding

Question 15

rock slides

Answer 15

rocks collapsing in masses

Question 16

landslides

Answer 16

create scarps

Question 17

flows

Answer 17

mud and earth

Question 18

mudflow

Answer 18

very wet
high velocity
water, rock, soil
travel fast

Question 19

earthflow

Answer 19

some slow some fast

hourglass shape

Question 20

mass movement controls

Answer 20

increase in water content
earthquakes
weathering
land use changes
wildfire

Question 21

soil creep

Answer 21

freeze thaw
water pressure
expanding clays

Question 22

driving forces (mass movements)

Answer 22

mass material (water content)
slope angle

Question 23

resisting forces

Answer 23

strength of material
water content
weathering
root loss (fire)

Question 24

river anatomy

Answer 24

floodplain
streambank
streambed
stage

Question 25

floodplain

Answer 25

the area that a river can overflow into

Question 26

streambank

Answer 26

edge of channel

Question 27

streambed

Answer 27

bottom of channel

Question 28

stage

Answer 28

height of flow

Question 29

hydrographs

Answer 29

graphs showing rate of flow vs the time past a specific point. do not include october

Question 30

saltation

Answer 30

hopping

Question 31

traction

Answer 31

sliding along bed

Question 32

suspended load

Answer 32

above bed sand or clay

Question 33

direct percipitation

Answer 33

rain directly into river

Question 34

surface runoff

Answer 34

water doesn’t go into surface adn follows topography down to river

Question 35

infiltration

Answer 35

water not running off goes into land

Question 36

interflow

Answer 36

flows through unsaturated soils

Question 37

percolation

Answer 37

moving down through soils

Question 38

baseflow

Answer 38

water makes way down until it becomes groundwater

Question 39

discharge

Answer 39

Q=area x flow velocity

Question 40

streams transport

Answer 40

water and sediments

Question 41

plucking

Answer 41

loose particles picked up and carried away

Question 42

abrasions

Answer 42

sediment and particles hit surface

Question 43

lanes balance

Answer 43

balance of forces cause a river to other erode or deposit

Question 44

degredation

Answer 44

erodes river

Question 45

aggradation

Answer 45

sediment deposite

Question 46

flucial landforms

Answer 46

terraces
alluvial fans
deltas
floodplanes

Question 47

terraces

Answer 47

relic floodplanes left behind as river erodes down

Question 48

alluvial fans

Answer 48

terrestrial environments

Question 49

deltas

Answer 49

aquatic environemtns

Question 50

point bar

Answer 50

depositional

Question 51

cut bank

Answer 51

erosional

Question 52

max velocity

Answer 52

at cut bank or middle

Question 53

sinuosity

Answer 53

channel length/valley length