exam 2 part 1-3

Question 1

earths interior

Answer 1

solid inner core= solid iron
liquid outer core=liquid molten metallic iron
lower mantle=olivine, iron/magnesium silicates
upper mantle=olivine silicate minerals
crust

Question 2

asthenosphere

Answer 2

-soft and fluid
solid inner core
liquid outer core
lower mantle

Question 3

lithosphere

Answer 3

-rigid
upper mantle
crust

Question 4

minerals

Answer 4

natural, inorganic solid, with definite chemical composition and crystalline structure.

Question 5

rock

Answer 5

aggregate of one or more minerls

Question 6

metamorphic

Answer 6

pre existing rock change due to heat and pressure

marble, slate, gneiss, schist

Question 7

contact metamorphism

Answer 7

in contact with heat from mantle

Question 8

regional metamorphism

Answer 8

low temps and high pressure

Question 9

foliated

Answer 9

banded

Question 10

nonfoliated

Answer 10

not banded

Question 11

sedimentary

Answer 11

deposition and cementation of minerals. small pressure and little heat.
sandstone

Question 12

igneous

Answer 12

cooling and solidification of magma or lava

intrusive and extrusive

Question 13

oceanic crust

Answer 13

mafic
more dense
lots of new crust
basalts

Question 14

continental crust

Answer 14

felsic
less dense
granite
much thicker but more buoyant
much older

Question 15

orogenesis

Answer 15

mountain building

Question 16

continental shields

Answer 16

parts of continent not near plate boundary

really old. no mountains. all eroded away

Question 17

divergent plates

Answer 17

spreading away from eachother

Question 18

convergent

Answer 18

> -< converging
continental continental- form mountains
oceanic continental- oceanic subducts- volcanoes
oceanic oceanic- older subducts- trench and volcaoes-island arcs

Question 19

transform

Answer 19

slide past eachother

Question 20

isostacy

Answer 20

land masses floating on mantle. weighs down forming a divet. Erosion releases some of that weight and uplift occurs.

Question 21

isostatic rebound

Answer 21

glaciers cause divet in ground with weight and pressure. When it melts divet slowly comes back to normal because it isn’t being weighed down anymore

Question 22

evidence of plate techtonics on earth

Answer 22

earthquakes
volcanoes (95% at boundaries)
oceanic crust
mountains
isostacy

Question 23

types of volcanoes

Answer 23

flood basalts
composite (strato)
shield
cinder
caldera

Question 24

flood basalts

Answer 24

low viscosity
basalt
mafic
flowing

Question 25

cinder cones

Answer 25

felsic
explosive
steep pyroclasticity

Question 26

shield volcanoe

Answer 26

low viscosity
flows out and builds up slowly
mafic

Question 27

composite volcanoe

Answer 27

steep
explosive
felsic

Question 28

caldera

Answer 28

inverted volcano
once a volcano but magma chamber filled and it couldn’t support itself and exploded. If a crater then we know it was a super volcano.
explosive
felsic

Question 29

hot spots

Answer 29

spots where mantle seeps to the crust

Question 30

stress

Answer 30

what plates are doing

Question 31

strain

Answer 31

how earth reacting

Question 32

tension

Answer 32

stretching, normal fault

Question 33

compression

Answer 33

folding, reverse fault

Question 34

shear

Answer 34

bend, strike slip

Question 35

folds

Answer 35

slow compression and pressure

Question 36

faults

Answer 36

sudden shear movements

Question 37

hanging wall

Answer 37

wall that you would climb up.

Question 38

footwall

Answer 38

wall you would walk up

Question 39

normal fault

Answer 39

hanging wall goes down as the downthrust

Question 40

reverse fault

Answer 40

hanging wall goes up as the upthrust

Question 41

transverse or strike slip

Answer 41

slide past eachother

Question 42

earthquakes

Answer 42

quick release of stored potential energy

Question 43

richter scale

Answer 43

log scale

quantifies energy released that propagates through the ground.