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exercise prescription > FInal- ECG > Flashcards

FInal- ECG Flashcards

1
Q

Normal impulse conduction in heart

A 
Sinoatrial node
AV node
Buundle of His
Bundle branches
Purkinje fibres
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2
Q

What is P wave, QRS and T wave

A

P- Atrial depolarization

QRS- Ventricular depolarization

T- Ventricular repolarization

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3
Q

What happens in the PR interval

A

Atrial depolarization + delay in AV junction (delay allows time for atria to contract before the ventricals)

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4
Q

3 pacemakers of the heart

A

SA node- dominant pacemaker with rate of 60-100 BPM

AV node- Back up pacemaker with rate of 40-60BPM

Ventricular calls- Back up with rate of 20-45bpm

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5
Q

ECG paper- horizontaly how long is a small and large box

Vertically one large box is how many mV

A

small- 0.04s
large- 0.20
vertically- 0.5mV

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6
Q

15 boxes is how long

A

3 seconds

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7
Q

5 steps in rythm analysis

A
  1. calculate rate
  2. determne regularity
  3. Assess the P waves
  4. Determine PR interval
  5. determine QRS duration
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8
Q

How to calulate rate

A

find r wave that lands on bold line and count number of large boxes it is away ( one box away = 300 then 2=150, 100, 75, 60, 50)

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9
Q

How to calculate regularity

A

look at r-r distances (regular, occasionaly irregular, regularly irregular, irregularly irregular)

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10
Q

How to assess the p waves

A
  • are there p waves
  • do the p waves occur at a regular rate
  • is there one p wave before each QRS
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11
Q

How to determine PR interval

A

usually 0.12-.20 sec (3-5 boxes)

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12
Q

How to dtermine QRS duration

A

usually 0.04-0.12 sec

1-3 boxes

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13
Q

What are some SA node problems

A

fire to slow- bradycardia

fire to fast- tachycardia

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14
Q

What are some atrial cell problems

A

fire occasionally premature

fire continuosly due to a looping re-entrant circuit (atrial fibrilation)

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15
Q

AV junctional problems

A
  • fire continously due to looping re-entrant curcuit (paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia)
  • block impulses coming from the SA node
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16
Q

Ventricular cell problems

A
  • fire occasionally from 1 or more foci (premature contraction)
  • Fire continously from multiple foci ( ventricular fibrilation)
  • FIre continously due to looping re-entrant circuit ( ventricular tachycardia)
17
Q

2nd degree av block, type 1

A

PR interval progressively lengthens then the impulse is completely blocked (p wave not followed by qrs)

18
Q

2nd degree av block, type II

A

Occasional p waves are completely blocked

19
Q

3rd degree av block

A

P waves are completely blocked in the AV junction, QRS complexes originate independently from below the junction

20
Q

sinus bradycardia

A

<60 bpm (SA node depolarizing slower than normal)

21
Q

sinus tachycardia

A

> 100bpm

22
Q

Premature atrial contractions

A

Originate in the atria therefore contour of the P wave, Pr interval and timing are different

23
Q

PVCs

A

One or more ventricular cells are depolarizing and impulses are abnormally conducting through the ventricals (looks like massive spike downswards)

24
Q

Atrial fibrilation

A

No atrial depolarization so no normal P waves

atrial activity is chaotic resulting in irregular irregular HR

25
Q

Atrial flutter

A

No p waves, instead flutter waves (sawtooth pattern)

caused by reentrant pathway in r. atrium

26
Q

PSVT

A

the heart rate suddenly speeds up, p waves are lost

27
Q

Ventrical tachycardia

A

impulse is originating in ventricals ( no p waves, wide QRS), looks like massive hills

28
Q

Ventrical fibrilation

A

completely abnormal just random small waves

29
Q

what leads look at lateral wall, anterior wall, septum, inferior wall

A

lateral- 1, aVl, V5, V6
anterior- V1-V4
Septum- V1, V2
Inferior wall- 11, 111, aVF

30
Q

ST elevation or depression

A

in two leads is consistent with a myocardial infarction

exercise prescription (14 decks)

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