Final: Ear Flashcards by AJ Fairchild

Ectodermal thickening on lateral “head” called

Placode

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Auditory tube and tympanic cavity derived from

First Pharyngeal pouch

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Malleus derived from

Dorsal end of ventral mandibular cartilage

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Incus derived from

Dorsal end of first Pharyngeal arch

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Stapes derived from

Dorsal end of second Pharyngeal arch

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Tympanic membrane derived from

Interstitial mesoderm

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External acoustic canal derived from

First pharyngeal groove

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Auricle derived from

Groove next to first pharyngeal groove

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3 extrinsic muscles of ear

Anterior auricular
Superior auricular
Posterior auricular

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Smallest extrinsic ear muscle

Anterior auricular

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Largest extrinsic muscle of ear

Superior auricular

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External acoustic meatus is ___ shaped

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____ produce cerumen

Modified sweat glands

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Sympathetic supply to external ear

Superior cervical ganglion

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Blood supply to external ear

Posterior auricular branch
Anterior auricular branch
Auricular branch

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Sensory supply to external ear

Auriculotemporal N
Auricular branch of vagus
Great auricular N

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Motor supply to external ear

Temporal and posterior auricular branch of facial

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2 parts of middle ear

Tympanic cavity

Epitympanic recess

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3 bones in middle ear

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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2 muscles in tympanic cavity

Stapedius

Tensor tympani

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Roof of middle ear

Petrous part of temporal bone

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Floor/ jugular wall of middle ear

Internal jugular vein

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Lateral/membranous wall of middle ear

Tympanic membrane

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Posterior/ mastoid wall of middle ear

Aditus of mastoid antrum
Pyramidal eminence
Chorda tympani opening

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Aditus of mastoid antrum

Between tympanic cavity and mastoid air cells Ear infections can spread- mucous membrane continuous

Pyramidal eminence is opening that tendon of ____ passes through

Stapedius muscle

Carotid/ anterior wall separates cavity from

Internal carotid artery

Openings in carotid wall

Pharyngotympanic tue Tensor tympani Chorda tympani

Labyrinthine/ medial wall of middle ear

``` Promontory Oval window Round window Prominence of facial canal Lateral semicircular canal ```

Promontory is impression made by

Cochlea

Promontory covered by

Tympanic plexus

____ leaves tympanic plexus and travels to ___ ganglion

Lesser petrosal nerve Otic

___ attaches to oval window

Stapes

____ covers internal carotid artery

Internal carotid plexus

Largest bone in middle ear

Malleus

___ contacts tympanic membrane

Malleus

Smallest bone in middle ear

Stapes

Blood supply to middle ear

Anterior tympanic branch of IMA | Tympanic branch of ICA

sensory supply to middle ear

Tympanic N of 9

Motor supply to middle ear

N to stapedius | Medial pterygoid N

Medial pterygoid N supplies

Tensor tympani

Sympathetic supply to middle ear

Caroticotympanic N

Caroticotympanic N carry ___ and ___ from ____ by way of internal carotid plexus

Vasomotor and secretomotor Superior cervical ganglion

Bony labyrinth is enclosure for

Membranous labyrinth

Membranous labyrinthe surrounded by

Perilymph

3 parts of bony labyrinthe

Cochlea Vestibule Semicircular canals

Cochlea contains

Cochlear duct

Vestibule contains

Utricle and saccule

Semicircular canals contain

Semicircular ducts

Membranous labyrinthe contains

Endolymph

Membranous labyrinthe includes

Cochlear labyrinth | Vestibular labyrinth

____ drains to endolymphatic sac

Endolymphatic duct

___ connects saccule with cochlear duct

Ductus reuniens

Bony part of cochlea consists of tube coiled around cone-shaped central bony structure called

Modiolus

Apex of cochlea directed

Anterolaterally

Cochlea made up of 3 channels

Cochlear duct Scala vestibuli Scala tympani

Scale vestibuli and scala tympani communicate with each other at

Helicotrema

Scala vestibuli is ___ cochlear duct and is filled with ___, and oval window is at the ___

Above Perilymph Base

Scala tympani is ___ cochlear duct and base is at ___

Below Round window

Rough order of vibrations in middle ear

Stapes —> oval window —> scala vestibuli —>helicotrema —>scala tympani —>round window

Cochlear duct filled with

Endolymph

Cochlear duct attached to lamina at

Mediolus

Cochlear duct anchored to outer wall of cochlea by

Spiral ligament

Cochlear duct separated from scala vestibuli by

Vestibular membrane

Cochlear duct separated from scala tympani by

Basilar/ spiral membrane

___ located on floor of cochlear duct, attached to basilar membrane

Spiral organ

Hair-like projections from basilar membrane and are sensitive to

Frequency and amplitude of sound waves

Hair cells of spiral organ covered by

Tectorial membrane

Sound waves enter EAM, causing

Tympanic membrane to vibrate

Ossicles of middle ear transmit vibrations and amplify sound by

1.2 times

Foot of stapes articulates with ___, causing amplification of another ___

Oval window 17 times

Largest amplification of sound occurs at

Stapes and oval window

Vibrations transmitted through perilymph of ___ and ____, eventually reaching round window

Scala vestibuli Scala tympani

Waves transmitted through perilymph cause ____ to vibrate stimulated receptors in ____

Basilar membrane Spiral organ

Vibrations are eventually transmitted to

Cochlear nerve

Vestibular labyrinth consists of 2 sacs, ___ and ___, and 3 semicircular ducts

Saccule | Utricle

Saccule communicates with

Cochlear duct

Utricle is ___ and communicates with

Larger All 3 semicircular ducts

Utricle communicates with saccule via

Utricosaccular duct

Sense organs in utricle and saccule are hairlike projections called

Maculae

Maculae are bathed in

Endolymph

___ float on endolymph, and movements of head cause ___ to deflect maculae

Otoliths Otoliths

Utricle detects

Centrifugal and linear acceleration in any plane

Saccule detects

Linear accelerations in vertical and sagittal plane

Sense organs in semicircular ducts called __, located in ___

Crista Ampulla of each duct

Semicircular ducts sensitive to

Accelerations in any direction Particularly Rotational accelerations

Superior branch is ___ and carries info from ____

Larger Anterior, lateral semicircular ducts and utricle and saccule

Voit’s Nerve

Direct nerve from superior branch to saccule

Inferior branch carries info from

Posterior semicircular duct and saccule

Axons from vestibular ganglion make up vestibular N, which carries info to

Medial vestibular N