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CSD 277 > Final content > Flashcards

Final content Flashcards

1
Q

What is dementia?

A

A group of symptoms caused by various diseases and conditions that affect the brain, leading to a progressive decline in cognition, language, and personality, which interferes with independent functioning.

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2
Q

What are the causes of dementia?

A

Brain cells die → reduced neural communication → symptoms.

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3
Q

What percentage of dementia cases are Alzheimer’s?

A

60-70% of dementia cases.

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4
Q

What characterizes Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Characterized by amyloid plaques and beta tangles.

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5
Q

What are common symptoms of Alzheimer’s?

A

Impairments in memory, language, and visuospatial skills.

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6
Q

What percentage of dementia cases are vascular dementia?

A

10-20% of dementia cases.

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7
Q

What characterizes vascular dementia?

A

Characterized by disease or injury to the blood vessels leading to the brain.

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8
Q

What are common symptoms of vascular dementia?

A

Impaired motor skills and judgment.

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9
Q

What percentage of dementia cases are frontotemporal dementia?

A

10% of cases.

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10
Q

What characterizes frontotemporal dementia?

A

Characterized by deterioration of frontal and temporal lobes.

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11
Q

What are common symptoms of frontotemporal dementia?

A

Personality changes and issues with language.

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12
Q

What percentage of dementia cases are Lewy Body dementia?

A

5% of cases.

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13
Q

What characterizes Lewy Body dementia?

A

Characterized by lewy body protein deposits on brain cells.

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14
Q

What are common symptoms of Lewy Body dementia?

A

Hallucinations, disordered sleep, impaired thinking, and motor skills.

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15
Q

What are other types of dementia?

A

5% including Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, HIV, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, and Korsakoff Syndrome.

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16
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for dementia?

A

Evidence of significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains.

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17
Q

What cognitive domains are assessed for dementia?

A

Learning and memory, language, executive function, complex function, perceptual-motor, social cognition.

18
Q

What swallowing characteristics are associated with dementia?

A

Overall slowing of the swallowing process, reduced sensation, oral stasis, reduced tongue and mandibular strength, and reduced bolus clearance.

19
Q

What is the SLP’s role in dementia care?

A

Comprehensive assessment, caregiver support, and assessing speech, language, and cognitive skills.

20
Q

What are compensatory communication strategies for dementia?

A

Use short, simple sentences, reduce WH questions, eliminate distractions, and speak slowly.

21
Q

What is spaced retrieval training?

A

Targets include semantic memory, procedural memory, prospective memory, and episodic memory.

22
Q

What are memory books/wallets?

A

Small books or albums with labeled photographs designed to present factual information in written and picture formats.

23
Q

What are Montessori-based programs?

A

Programs that provide cognitively stimulating, personally-relevant activities for persons with dementia.

24
Q

What are treatment considerations for swallowing in dementia?

A

Environmental modifications, special food preparation, dietary modifications, and increased mealtime supervision.

25
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Acquired language impairment caused by brain injury, impacting reading, writing, listening, and/or speaking but NOT intellect.

26
Q

How often does someone acquire aphasia in the United States?

A

Approx every four minutes.

27
Q

What are common causes of aphasia?

A

Damage to the central or peripheral nervous system, such as stroke, trauma, or disease.

28
Q

What is a stroke?

A

A sudden action/event that disrupts the brain’s blood supply.

29
Q

What are stroke risk factors?

A

Heart disease, diabetes, tobacco use, obesity, high blood pressure, and physical inactivity.

30
Q

What does BE FAST stand for?

A

Balance, Eyes, Face, Arm, Speech, Time.

31
Q

What is the SLP’s role with aphasia?

A

Listen to the person with aphasia and caregiver, educate about communication forms, and encourage participation in life.

32
Q

What are communication strategies for aphasia?

A

Ask simple questions, provide choices, speak slowly and clearly, and allow extra time.

33
Q

What is dyslexia?

A

A learning disability that affects how the brain processes written language, making it difficult to read, write, and spell.

34
Q

What percentage of the population is affected by dyslexia?

A

15-20% of the population.

35
Q

What are early warning signs of dyslexia?

A

Difficulties in reading, writing, and spelling.

36
Q

What is the overlap between dyslexia, DLD, and SSD?

A

They are interconnected neurodevelopmental conditions that share phonological processing challenges.

37
Q

What is written language disorder?

A

Difficulty with reading, writing, and spelling, including sound, syllable, word, sentence, and discourse level difficulties.

38
Q

What should be assessed for dyslexia?

A

Phonological awareness, phonemic awareness, rapid automatized naming, letter-sound knowledge, decoding, reading fluency, spelling, reading comprehension, and listening comprehension.

39
Q

What is the treatment for dyslexia?

A

Dyslexia has no cure; early intervention and structured literacy instruction are essential.

40
Q

What are elements of structured literacy instruction?

A

Phonology, sound-symbol association, syllable instruction, morphology, syntax, and semantics.

41
Q

What are multi-sensory techniques for dyslexia?

A

Sand writing, blending boards, arm tapping, and line readers.

CSD 277 (6 decks)

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