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Life Sciences > Final chapter > Flashcards

Final chapter Flashcards

1
Q

What subphase is when cell size increases in interphase?

A

G1

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2
Q

A requirement that a cell must be attached to a substratum in order to divide.

A

Anchorage dependence

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3
Q

What is a display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape

A

Karyotype

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4
Q

What unwinds DNA ahead of replication fork?

A

topisomerase

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5
Q

What includes genes that determine the individuals ex?

A

sex chromosomes

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6
Q

What is the complete set of an organisms genes known as?

A

the genome

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7
Q

The process of nuclear division that results in 2 diploid cells

A

mitosis

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8
Q

What unzips DNA strands?

A

Helicase

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9
Q

The synthesis of two daughter DNA molecules from one original parent molecule is caLLED

A

DNA replication

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10
Q

where do light reactions occur?

A

thylakoids

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11
Q

What is the phase of meiosis that may or may not happen and results in a a second round of prophase, metaphase and all that shit?

A

Interkinesis

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12
Q

What is the organelles that is the site for preotein synthesis?

A

Ribosome

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13
Q

What phase of mitosis is when the nuclear envelope begins to break down and microtubules attach to chromosomes?

A

Prometaphase

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14
Q

Which phase results in bigger cell size and replication of DNA?

A

Interphase

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15
Q

when two original strands of the molecule separate, and each strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand it is known as what?

A

semi conservative replication

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16
Q

What phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up in a line at the center of a cell?

A

metaphase

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17
Q

the process of nuclear division that results in four haploid cells?

A

what is meiosis

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18
Q

Phases of mitosis and order?

A

Interphase Prophase (condensing the dna) Metaphase (middle phase, lining up the dna) Anaphase (away ohase where the dna begins to split) Telophase (gettiong really split that u need a telophone to call the other chromosomes) Cytokinesis a seperate membrane forms

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19
Q

synapsis of chromosomes occurs during

A

Prophase I

20
Q

The phase of mitosis when sister chromatids are seperated?

A

Anaphase

21
Q

Stabilizes the replication fork so replication an occur?

A

Single Stranded DNA binding proteins

22
Q

Normal animal cell that stop dividing when they come into contact with one another is because of what?

A

Density dependent Inhibition

23
Q

Where does citric acid cycle occur?

A

Mityochondrial martrics

24
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytosol

25
Q

A mutated gene that can cause cancer is called what?>

A

Oncogenes

26
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A

basically two identical chromosomes

27
Q

genetic exchange of small segments of DNA between non identical chromatids

A

What is crossing over

28
Q

What does it mean to be heterozygous?

A

It means it has two different alleles

29
Q

What are the 3 sub phases of interphase?

A

G1 G2 AND S

30
Q

Which phase of mitosis is the longest ?

A

Interphase

31
Q

What is the movement of material from an area of hisgh to low concentration?

A

Diffusion or passive transport

32
Q

When one half of daughter DNA is conserved from parent strand and the other is a new daughter strand, what do we call that?

A

Semi conservative replication

33
Q

The nuclear division of a diploid cell that results in four haploid cells?

A

meiosis

34
Q

What organelle aids in intracellular digestion?

A

Lysosome

35
Q

A process that creates new alleles to affect genetic diversity in a population?

A

mutation

36
Q

What subphase of interphase is when DNA is replicated?

A

S Phase

37
Q

What is the term that describes a trait that is controlled by m,any genes?

A

Polygenic

38
Q

Dna is copied during what phase?

A

The S phase of interphase

39
Q

WHat happens that creates nuclear division in two identical diploid daughter cells?

A

Mitosis

40
Q

Nucleotides are added on to the 3 end by what?

A

DNA Polymerase

41
Q

Division of the cytoplasm happens in what phase of mitosis?

A

Cytokinesis

42
Q

The phase of mitosis hwen nuclear envelope begins to reform and chromosomes condense?

A

Telophase

43
Q

_____is the functional segment of a chromosome. _______ are the expression

A

Genes/Alleles

44
Q

chromatids remain attached to one another until anaphase

A

Centromere?

45
Q

How does it end up having variations in offspring?

A

reshuffling or alleles

46
Q

When homologous pairs are formed in prophase 1, what is that called?

A

Synapsis

47
Q

When chromosome align at middle of cell, what phase is we in of mitosis?

A

Metaphase

Life Sciences (8 decks)

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