Exam 2 Flashcards
The chemical that is being broken down with the help of an enzyme is known as what?
Substrate?
Whats special about the fat soluble vitamin?
Stored in the body for long periods of time and pose a risk of toxicity if overconsumed.
What is passive transport?
Shit moving across membrane that DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY. and GOES WITH THE GRADIENT.
What contains an unpaired electron?
Free radical.
What is an important part of a diet but is not a nutrient because it isnt absorbed by the human body?
Fiber / Roughage
What is exocytosis?
A type of bulk transport where large molecules are moved out of a cells membrane
WHat are the chemical reactions that occur within an organism called?
Metabolism.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Typically used with charged or larger molecules wherein they need help from a TRANSPORT/CHANNEL PROTEIN TO MOVE THEM ACROSS. Still going from high to low concentration. and no energy but requires protein help.
Central vacuole looks like what now?
Fluid filled membranes that take up 90% of a plant cell.
plants animals or both Cytoskeleton
both but mostly important in animals
What is the cytoskeleton made up of?
microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules (remember what those do?)
Which organelle drives energy production?
Mitochondria
Whats up with the structure of a ribosome and why is that special?
not membrane bound. special becausee it can be found in prokaryote and eukaryotes.
What is “activation energy” and what is it referring to.
its talking about ENZYMES. and it basically is the way of saying the energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.
What is bulk transport and what are the types?
movement of large molecules across the membrane. Endocytosis - into the cell exocytosis - out of the cell
Define what a macronutrient is.
Substances that are required in large amounts which include water, carbs, proteins and fats.
What is the only vitamin our cells can synthesize??
Vitamin D or Calcitriol
What do enzymes not do?
THEY DO NOT PROVIDE ANY FORM OF ENERGY (ESPECIALLY ACTIVATION ENERGY.
WHat is the thing known as where a substrate and an enzyme physically bind?
Active site
What are the things that are needed in large quantities?
Macronutrients.
What do carbs do?
The provide a great source of energy for cells
Define a micronutrient.
They are essential nutrients required in small amounts. They are not destroyed by the body during use, and are not burned for energy.
Thylakoids are found in what and help do what?
Found in chloroplasts and are responsible for photosynthesis
The thing that helps to support cell shape, support and movements. basically STRUCTURE?
Cytoskeleton.