Chapters 1 and 2 Exam

Question 1

This type of relationship occurs when one organism benefits from another organism and can cause harm in the other organism?

Answer 1

Parasitic.

Question 2

The strongest bond?

Answer 2

Covalent

Question 3

Instead of sharing, this bond transfers an electron to either a negatively charged or positively charged atom.

Answer 3

Ionic bond

Question 4

What type of bond is a water molecule made from and what are the elements within?

Answer 4

Polar covalent. 2 hydrogen and one oxygen.

Question 5

If you are using a general principle to predict an expected outcome you are using what?

Answer 5

Deductive reasoning.

Question 6

What is a living being’s ability to create energy through specific processes such as ATP known as?

Answer 6

Metabolism.

Question 7

What do bases have

Answer 7

More OH-, less H+

Question 8

What is evolution and what is evolution NOT?

Answer 8

Evolution is the theory of a genetic change in a population within an organism over time, but it is NOT about the origin of life.

Question 9

This type of relationship between two organisms involves only one organism benefitting from the other, and the other doesn’t give a shit?

Answer 9

Commencalism

Question 10

The state of water in which the molecules are moving extremely fast and can barely cohede with each other (cohede?)

Answer 10

Gas

Question 11

What are the 3 model systems used in the testing of scientific hypotheses and explain each?

Answer 11

1. C. elegans -used in understanding development and genetics in animals. 2. lab rats -drug testing due to similarity to humans. 3. Hela Cells - used for a wide array of research on the human body and such.

Question 12

Which bond is usually denoted with a dotted line and consists of a hydrogen atom?

Answer 12

Hydrogen bond

Question 13

What are the nine properties of life?

Answer 13

1. Order 2. Cells 3. Genetic information. 4. Growth and development 5. Reproduction 6. Regulation aka Homeostasis. 7. Metabolism 8. Response to environment 9. Evolution.

Question 14

This type of relationship involves two (or more) organisms using each other for survival and benefit.

Answer 14

Mutualism

Question 15

A top-down approach in science is known as what?

Answer 15

Deductive reasoning

Question 16

What does a solution with an equal OH- and H+ called?

Answer 16

A pure substance

Question 17

rewrite hydrogen ion

Answer 17

H+

Question 18

What is a negatively charged Atom known as

Answer 18

Anion

Question 19

What are the components of an atom

Answer 19

Protons, electrons and neutrons.

Question 20

That which is measured or observed in an experiment

Answer 20

dependent variable.

Question 21

Where do all chemical bonds occur in atoms?

Answer 21

The outer-most electron shell.

Question 22

Temporary and weak attractions formed by a single atom are what?

Answer 22

Van der Waals

Question 23

What are the steps of the Scientific Method?

Answer 23

1. Observation 2. Question 3. Hypothesis 4. Prediction 5. Experimentation 6. Conclusions

Question 24

Bond formed when electrons are shared UNEQUALLY

Answer 24

polar covalent

Question 25

If something has a lot of alkalinity it is also called a what?

Answer 25

Base

Question 26

What is a positively charge atom known as?

Answer 26

A Cation

Question 27

What does cohesion mean in reference to water?

Answer 27

Molecules bonding to each other aka like molecule to like molecule(through hydrogen bonding)

Question 28

What is an ion?

Answer 28

An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons.

Question 29

What is a charged atom known as?

Answer 29

An Ion

Question 30

what is a non polar covalent bond?

Answer 30

bond formed when electrons are shared equally.

Question 31

The state of water in which moilecules are super slow if not immobile and expanding?

Answer 31

ice

Question 32

WHat are the chemical bonds?

Answer 32

Covalent (polar and non polar) Ionic Hydrogen Van der Waals

Question 33

What are the elements that make up less that .01% of a human's body weight, and what are their significances?

Answer 33

The TRACE elements, important in maintaining and recovering health.

Question 34

A bottoms-up approach in answering a question is known as what?

Answer 34

Inductive reasoning.

Question 35

Whats the thing that cells have that help regulate their pH?

Answer 35

Buffers

Question 36

A thing that is used in experimentation that isn't manipulated, changed or measured in the result?

Answer 36

An independent variable.

Question 37

What are the 4 main elements that make up living organisms?

Answer 37

1. Carbon 2. Oxygen 3. Hydrogen 4. Nitrogen.

Question 38

describe the structure of a water molecule

Answer 38

slightly bent. hydrogens are partially positive when bonded oxygens partially negative. Polar covalent.

Question 39

What are two properties of water?

Answer 39

cohesive adhesive

Question 40

In life, what is the term for a form's abilit to regulate and maintain a stable internal environment compared to the external environment?

Answer 40

Homeostasis.

Question 41

What should you understand about statistical tests when it comes to error?

Answer 41

Stat. tests evaluate the chance of SAMPLING error, not OBSERVER error.

Question 42

What are the 3 types of symbiotic relationships and what property of life are we talking about here?

Answer 42

We're talkin about a life's RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENT. The 3 symbiotics are: 1. Mutualism 2. Commencalism 3. Parasitic

Question 43

Bond formed when electrons are shared equally?

Answer 43

Non polar covalent

Question 44

WHat is a polar covalent bond?

Answer 44

Bond formed when electrons are shared UNEQUALLY

Question 45

Where is most of the energy in the atom?

Answer 45

The outer electron rings, away from the nucleus.

Question 46

WHat are the two things that make up a solution?

Answer 46

Solvent and Solute

Question 47

The knowledge ascertained by observation, experimentation, crytically tested, systemized and brought under general principles is known as

Answer 47

Science.

Question 48

what is pH a measure of?

Answer 48

the measure of Hydrogen ions in a solution

Question 49

A type of bond when one or more electrons are shared between atoms is

Answer 49

Covalent

Question 50

What kind of tests can be used to extend the results from a small sample to a much bigger population?

Answer 50

STatistical.

Question 51

What is the outermost electron shell known as?

Answer 51

The Valence shell.

Question 52

What must the solvent be in an aqueous solution\>

Answer 52

Water

Question 53

Explain adhesion with water?

Answer 53

Molecules attracting to different type of molecule.

Question 54

This type of bond holds water molecules together

Answer 54

Hydrogen

Question 55

The solute of a solution is the ______________ and the solvent is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 55

Thing that dissolves/ thing that does the dissolving.

Question 56

Whats a buffer?

Answer 56

A substance within a cell that helps maintain a pH

Question 57

what do acids have more of?? what do they have less of

Answer 57

A higher number of H+ Less OH-