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Life Sciences > Chapters 1 and 2 Exam > Flashcards

Chapters 1 and 2 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

This type of relationship occurs when one organism benefits from another organism and can cause harm in the other organism?

A

Parasitic.

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2
Q

The strongest bond?

A

Covalent

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3
Q

Instead of sharing, this bond transfers an electron to either a negatively charged or positively charged atom.

A

Ionic bond

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4
Q

What type of bond is a water molecule made from and what are the elements within?

A

Polar covalent. 2 hydrogen and one oxygen.

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5
Q

If you are using a general principle to predict an expected outcome you are using what?

A

Deductive reasoning.

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6
Q

What is a living being’s ability to create energy through specific processes such as ATP known as?

A

Metabolism.

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7
Q

What do bases have

A

More OH-, less H+

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8
Q

What is evolution and what is evolution NOT?

A

Evolution is the theory of a genetic change in a population within an organism over time, but it is NOT about the origin of life.

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9
Q

This type of relationship between two organisms involves only one organism benefitting from the other, and the other doesn’t give a shit?

A

Commencalism

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10
Q

The state of water in which the molecules are moving extremely fast and can barely cohede with each other (cohede?)

A

Gas

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11
Q

What are the 3 model systems used in the testing of scientific hypotheses and explain each?

A
  1. C. elegans -used in understanding development and genetics in animals. 2. lab rats -drug testing due to similarity to humans. 3. Hela Cells - used for a wide array of research on the human body and such.
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12
Q

Which bond is usually denoted with a dotted line and consists of a hydrogen atom?

A

Hydrogen bond

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13
Q

What are the nine properties of life?

A
  1. Order 2. Cells 3. Genetic information. 4. Growth and development 5. Reproduction 6. Regulation aka Homeostasis. 7. Metabolism 8. Response to environment 9. Evolution.
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14
Q

This type of relationship involves two (or more) organisms using each other for survival and benefit.

A

Mutualism

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15
Q

A top-down approach in science is known as what?

A

Deductive reasoning

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16
Q

What does a solution with an equal OH- and H+ called?

A

A pure substance

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17
Q

rewrite hydrogen ion

A

H+

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18
Q

What is a negatively charged Atom known as

A

Anion

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19
Q

What are the components of an atom

A

Protons, electrons and neutrons.

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20
Q

That which is measured or observed in an experiment

A

dependent variable.

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21
Q

Where do all chemical bonds occur in atoms?

A

The outer-most electron shell.

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22
Q

Temporary and weak attractions formed by a single atom are what?

A

Van der Waals

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23
Q

What are the steps of the Scientific Method?

A
  1. Observation 2. Question 3. Hypothesis 4. Prediction 5. Experimentation 6. Conclusions
24
Q

Bond formed when electrons are shared UNEQUALLY

A

polar covalent

25
Q

If something has a lot of alkalinity it is also called a what?

A

Base

26
Q

What is a positively charge atom known as?

A

A Cation

27
Q

What does cohesion mean in reference to water?

A

Molecules bonding to each other aka like molecule to like molecule(through hydrogen bonding)

28
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons.

29
Q

What is a charged atom known as?

A

An Ion

30
Q

what is a non polar covalent bond?

A

bond formed when electrons are shared equally.

31
Q

The state of water in which moilecules are super slow if not immobile and expanding?

A

ice

32
Q

WHat are the chemical bonds?

A

Covalent (polar and non polar) Ionic Hydrogen Van der Waals

33
Q

What are the elements that make up less that .01% of a human’s body weight, and what are their significances?

A

The TRACE elements, important in maintaining and recovering health.

34
Q

A bottoms-up approach in answering a question is known as what?

A

Inductive reasoning.

35
Q

Whats the thing that cells have that help regulate their pH?

A

Buffers

36
Q

A thing that is used in experimentation that isn’t manipulated, changed or measured in the result?

A

An independent variable.

37
Q

What are the 4 main elements that make up living organisms?

A
  1. Carbon 2. Oxygen 3. Hydrogen 4. Nitrogen.
38
Q

describe the structure of a water molecule

A

slightly bent. hydrogens are partially positive when bonded oxygens partially negative. Polar covalent.

39
Q

What are two properties of water?

A

cohesive adhesive

40
Q

In life, what is the term for a form’s abilit to regulate and maintain a stable internal environment compared to the external environment?

A

Homeostasis.

41
Q

What should you understand about statistical tests when it comes to error?

A

Stat. tests evaluate the chance of SAMPLING error, not OBSERVER error.

42
Q

What are the 3 types of symbiotic relationships and what property of life are we talking about here?

A

We’re talkin about a life’s RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENT. The 3 symbiotics are: 1. Mutualism 2. Commencalism 3. Parasitic

43
Q

Bond formed when electrons are shared equally?

A

Non polar covalent

44
Q

WHat is a polar covalent bond?

A

Bond formed when electrons are shared UNEQUALLY

45
Q

Where is most of the energy in the atom?

A

The outer electron rings, away from the nucleus.

46
Q

WHat are the two things that make up a solution?

A

Solvent and Solute

47
Q

The knowledge ascertained by observation, experimentation, crytically tested, systemized and brought under general principles is known as

A

Science.

48
Q

what is pH a measure of?

A

the measure of Hydrogen ions in a solution

49
Q

A type of bond when one or more electrons are shared between atoms is

A

Covalent

50
Q

What kind of tests can be used to extend the results from a small sample to a much bigger population?

A

STatistical.

51
Q

What is the outermost electron shell known as?

A

The Valence shell.

52
Q

What must the solvent be in an aqueous solution>

A

Water

53
Q

Explain adhesion with water?

A

Molecules attracting to different type of molecule.

54
Q

This type of bond holds water molecules together

A

Hydrogen

55
Q

The solute of a solution is the ______________ and the solvent is the ___________

A

Thing that dissolves/ thing that does the dissolving.

56
Q

Whats a buffer?

A

A substance within a cell that helps maintain a pH

57
Q

what do acids have more of?? what do they have less of

A

A higher number of H+ Less OH-

Life Sciences (8 decks)

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