Final (ch 3) Flashcards
Base pairs of DNA
A+T, G+C
Base pairs of RNA
A+U, G+C
Purines have this structure
double ring
purines
A,G
Pyrimidines
T,U,C
Pyrimidines have this structure
single ring
DNA (full name and why)
deoxyribose
-H at carbon 2 of pentose
RNA (full name and why)
Ribose
-OH at carbon 2 of pentose
The base attaches to this carbon
C1
The phosphate attaches to the sugar at this carbons
C3
C5
nucleoside =
base + sugar
nucleotide _
base + sugar + phosphate
nucleotides link thorugh these types types of bonds
5 - 3 phosphodiester bonds
A+T hydrogen bonds
2
G+C hydrogen bonds
#
How long are the bonds
10.85A
most abundant form of DNA in nature
B-DNA
This DNA has 11 base pairs/turn
A-DNA
Left handed helix in this DNA
Z-DNA
these are both right handed helix DNA
B-DNA
A-DNA
Eukaryotic DNA with this charge wraps around these with this charge resulting in this
negative
histones
postivie
chromatin
each ‘bead’ on the string is this
nucleosome
Melting point of DNA is this
temp 1/2 of DNA is denatured
This is a reason DNA will have a higher melting point
[G-C] > [A-T]
DNA to DNA
replication
DNA to RNA
transcription
RNA to protein
Translation
RNA to DNA
Reverse transcription
R to T to T =
replication to transcription to translation
RNA transcription is made from this
non-coding DNA strand (3-5) howerver RNA is made 5-3
encodes for pp sequence
mRNA
carries AA to ribosome
tRNA
aids in polypeptide synthesis
rRNA
These lack 3’ -OH group
ddNTP
Method which uses ddNTP to sequence DNA
sanger method
What is required to make PCR work
heat stable DNA polymerase
PCR repeats these three chemical reactions
denaturation of dsNDA to ssDNA
Annealing, primers can pase pair to ssDNA
Extension, 72*C is optimal temp for heat stable DNA polymerase to work
Role of restriction enzymes in nature
aid in defense for bacteria
bacteria do this to their DNA, bacteriaphages do not
methylate their DNA
EcoRI has this type of ends
sticky ends
EcoRV has this type of sticky ends
blunt ends
Gel for seperating DNA fragments by size is made of this
agarose
these are naked DNA molecules
plasmids
Plasmids are dependent on this
host cell’s proteins for replication
This is a method of introducing single AA protein as a result of a mucation at a specific site in the DNA
side-detected mutagenesis
incorporation of what would result in chain termination during sequencing of DNA
ddNTP
The 5’ end of a polynucleotide contains this while the 3’ end contains this
posphate group
hydroxyl group
the backbone of a nucleic acid consists of
phosphodiester bond between the 3’ and 5’ hydroxyl gorups of neighboring sugars
Name a molecule that contains a phosphoanhydride bond
ATP
What is the correct order of steps in a PCR reaction beginning with double stranded DNA
Strand separation
primer annealing
primer extenstion
what term describes a small circular molecule of DNA that can be sued to transfer genetic material from one organism to the other
plasmid
