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Bioc-321 > Final (ch 20) > Flashcards

Final (ch 20) Flashcards

1
Q

The 3’-5’ exonuclease activity of E.coli DNA polymerase III accounts for this of polymerization

A

low error rate

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2
Q

An okazaki fragment is

A

small segment of DNA that is an intermediate in the synthesis of the lagging strand

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3
Q

what effect does topoisomerases have upon DNA

A

changes the supercoiling of DNA

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4
Q

Replication of eukaryotic DNA must be this

A

controlled to coordinate with the cell cycle

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5
Q

single strand binding proteins are important for preventing this

A

single stranded DNA from rewinding and protecting it from degradation

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6
Q

in most organisms replication proceeds in this mannor from here

A

bidirectional

replication origin

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7
Q

An E.coli has this many replication forks on ints ingle chromosome: humans have this many replication forks on each chromosome

A

2

many

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8
Q

These attack ssDNA

A

nucleases

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9
Q

3 features of NDA replication

A

semiconservative
bidirectional
semi-discontinuous

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10
Q

what does semi discontinuous mean

A

leading strand copies continuously

lagging strand copies in segments which must be joined

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11
Q

DNA molecules are supercoiled in this mannor in vivo

A

negatively

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12
Q

why are they negatively supercoiled

A

helps replication machinery gain access to the two template strands

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13
Q

which phase is DNA replicated in

A

S

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14
Q

Which phase has rapid grown and metabolic activity

A

G1

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15
Q

which phase has grown and preparation for cell division

A

G2

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16
Q

How long to replicate DNA in eukaryotes

A

8 hours

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17
Q

This alters DNA supercoiling

A

topoisomerases

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18
Q

this is the site where DNA strands separate and new strands are synthesized

A

replication fork

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19
Q

Bacterial DNA replication is done in this mannor

A

bidirectional

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20
Q

this is the machinery for replication in bacterial DNA

A

replisome

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21
Q

how long to duplicate E.coli dna

A

38 min

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22
Q

convert dsDNA to ssDNA

A

helicase

23
Q

binds ssDNA

A

single-stranded binding protein

24
Q

makes RNA primers

A

primase

25
Q

extends the new chain through polymerization of dNTP’s

A

DNA polymerase

26
Q

removes the RNA primer

A

Rnase

27
Q

joins the two DNA (Okazaki) fragments

A

DNA ligase

28
Q

anti parallel strands of dna are replicated simultaneously

A

T

29
Q

DNA can only extend a prexisting chain

A

T

30
Q

RNA primers are this long

A

10-60 nucleoties long

31
Q

involved in repairing and patching DNA, single polypeptied chain

A

DNA polymerase I

32
Q

strictly a repair enzyme, multi subunits

A

DNA polymerase II

33
Q

major DNA replication enzyme, responsable for chain elongation

A

DNA polymerase III

34
Q

This strand is formed semidiscontinuously

A

lagging strand

35
Q

This is the leading most compound in DNA synth

A

DNA gyrase

36
Q

How often does DNA polymerase make an error

A

only once in ever 10^9 ro 10^10

37
Q

This compound does both proofreading and repair functions

A

DNA polymerase I

38
Q

Cut and patch process

A

nick translation

39
Q

Discontinuous segments of the lagging strand are joined by this, requiring hydrolysis of high energy bonds

A

ligase

40
Q

This repeatedly adds nucleotides to the 3’ end of DNA called this

A

telomerase

telomeres

41
Q

an alteration in a cell’s DNA is call a

A

mutation

42
Q

cells with badly damaged DNA are susceptible to this

A

apoptosis

43
Q

cells with damaged DNA that excape normal growth-control and proliferate excessively often result in this

A

cancer

44
Q

only macromolecule that can be repaired

A

DNA

45
Q

Lesions may be fixed by this which does not require breaking the phosphodiester backbone of DNA

A

direct repair

46
Q

These are common culprits for DNA damage

A

reactive oxygen species

47
Q

nucleotide substitution is this

A

point mutation

48
Q

changing a purine to a different purine or pyrimidine to a different pyrimidine

A

transition mutation

49
Q

chaning a purine to a pyriumidine or vice versa

A

transverse mutation

50
Q

DNA base is removed

A

Abasic mutation

51
Q

These can also alter base identity

A

deamination

52
Q

This can remove meythl groups from DNA bases

A

methyltranferase

53
Q

a damaged base is excised from sugar-phosphate back bone by this (most common DNA lesion)

A

DNA glycosylase

54
Q

Recombination can do this

A

restore broken DNA molecules by splicing two peices of DNA together

Bioc-321 (5 decks)

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