Final - Ch 13 Flashcards
Raising the height of smokestacks to reduce local pollution in industrial areas and around power plants did what to areas away from the source of the pollution in terms of acid rain?
Increased it
Among the following four developed countries, which had the lowest per capita carbon dioxide emissions in 2015?
Sweden
The expansion or intensification of areas of degraded or destroyed soil and vegetation cover is______.
desertification
Fresh liquid water accounts for approximately _____ % of total water available?
1
The greatest amount of freshwater usage is for ______________.
irrigated agriculture
The ecosphere is composed of four overlapping and interrelated parts: atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere.
True
When ozone is high in the upper levels of the atmosphere, it blocks the cancer-causing ultraviolet light. But when it is near the surface, it is one of the main components in photochemical smog.
True
Natural greenhouse effect is a necessary condition to heat the Earth to temperatures at which life is possible.
True
Short-Answer Question?
What is the IPAT equation? What are the components of this equation?
The IPAT equation is I = PAT. The components if this equation are:
I = Impact on the environment
P = Population
A = Affluence
T = Technology
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Short-Answer Question
What causes the greenhouse effect? Why has the intensified greenhouse effect led to global warming?
The greenhouse effect is caused by a group of atmospheric gases that partially capture the long-wave heat energy radiated from the Earth back towards space. Human activities have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, which intensifies the greenhouse effect, and causes global warming.
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Essay Question
What are respective contributing causes and resulting concerns of urban air pollution, acid precipitation, ozone depletion and global climate changes?
Urban air pollution mainly comes from burning fossil fuels, from vehicles, and from power plants/factories. The concerns of this pollution include the amount of smog that will cover cities, as well as the amount of health concerns that will come. Acid precipitation is caused by the chemical changes in burning fossil fuels and then they fall back to earth as acid precipitation. The concerns with acid precipitation involve all the corrosion that occurs on the objects that the acid falls on. The causes of ozone depletion involve industial emissions/pollution, and the concerns here are that when the ozone layer is near the surface, it is one of the main components of photochemical smog and damages plants and animals. Finally, the causes of global climate change include the greenhouse effect and deforestation among other things. The main concerns here are that temperatures and sea levels will rise, and that weather patterns and the economy will get worse.
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Video Reflection Question
According to our textbook, what is the hydrologic cycle?
How and where is water stored in this cycle?
What are major movements of water in the hydrologic cycle?
According to the textbook, the hydrologic cycle is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.
From the definiton above, we know that the water is continuously moving from flows to stores. The stores are the clouds, oceans, ice sheets, glaciers, underground water tables, etc.
The first major movement in the water cycle is Precipitation, and this includes Collection is bodies of water as well as snowcaps on mountains as such, and then the Runoff that comes with that. Next comes Interception which is the water that doesn’t hit the ground or isn’t absorbed into the ground. Then comes Infiltration and Percolation which involves groundwater Discharge. Finally, there is Transpiration, Evaporation, and Condensation which helps to start the continuous cycle all over again.
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