FINAL ASSESSMENT

Question 1

2 types of stats (Analytics)

Answer 1

DESCRIPTIVE - Inform / Explanatory

INFERENTIAL - Predict / Trend

Question 2

4 Levels of Measurement

Answer 2

NOIR
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval Ration

Question 3

Continuous data with a Unique Zero point

Answer 3

RATIO

Question 4

Qualitative objects placed in some type of order

Answer 4

Ordinal

Question 5

Identify, Group, Categorize

Answer 5

Nominal

Question 6

OUTLIERS create this type of Error

Answer 6

Out-of-Range

Question 7

Error the occurs from missing data (space not filled in) = distorted results

Answer 7

Omission Error

Question 8

Error that REPEATS itself. Leads to skewed results

Answer 8

Systematic Error

Question 9

The process of Quality Control

Answer 9

Reduce / minimize errors

Question 10

ALL variable measurements and manipulations are under the Researchers Control

Answer 10

Experimental Study

Question 11

Impractical or Impossible to control the Conditions of the study

Answer 11

Observational Study

Question 12

Questions favor an outcome OR if interviewer asks questions that favor an outcome

Answer 12

Information BIAS

Question 13

Average outcome (Payoff) when future includes scenarios that may or may not happen

Answer 13

EMV Analysis (Expected Monetary Value)

Question 14

Observation points that are distant from other observation points that can be Included or Excluded in analysis

Answer 14

Outliers Note

Question 15

Bias that occurs from NOT selecting a Random Sample

Answer 15

Measurement Bias

Question 16

Bias that introduced from respondents belief that it will be Beneficial if selected

Answer 16

Conscious Bias

Question 17

The measured distance between the the THIRD and FIRST quartile

Answer 17

IQR (inter-quartile range)

MUST be ordered LOW –> High

Question 18

Used to STUY the Composition of data set and examine the distribution

Answer 18

Box Plot

Question 19

Given the PROB of A given PROB of B… can use this to find the P of B given the P of A

Answer 19

Bayes Theorem

MUST know P (A), P (B) and P(A) given B

Question 20

RULE used then looking for TWO events occurring (AND)

Answer 20

Multiplication

Question 21

RULE used then looking for One OR the other event happening (OR)

Answer 21

Addition

Question 22

Simple Regression where Time is the Independent Variable

Answer 22

Time Series

Question 23

General SLOPE that is UPWARD or DOWNWARD over a Period of Time

Answer 23

Trend

Question 24

UNFORSEEN circumstances that cause Random Deviations

Answer 24

Irregularity

Question 25

Repetition in UP and Down Patterns

Answer 25

Cyclicality

Question 26

Regular pattern within a SINGLE year

Answer 26

Seasonality

Question 27

Represents the PROB that a Variable falls within a Certain Range

Answer 27

Cumulative Distribution

Question 28

LIST of ALL the different Probabilities that can occur

Answer 28

Probability Distribution

Question 29

Measures of the CENTRAL TENDENCY are approximately EQUAL (Mean and Median)

Answer 29

Normal Distribution

Question 30

Compares the MEANS of 3 or More groups

Answer 30

ANOVA\ - F-Value - HIGHER than Crit Value to REJECT the Null

Question 31

Statistic used by the T- TEST

Answer 31

T-Value | - MUST be HIGHER than the CRITICAL Value in order to REJECT the Null

Question 32

Weak correlation IF the Coefficient is Close to which number value?

Answer 32

ZERO

Question 33

STRONG CORRELATION if Coefficient is..

Answer 33

Close to - 1 or 1

Question 34

Chart that illustrated Performance Measurements over a Period of Time

Answer 34

Run Chart

Question 35

Chart that Illustrated the LIMITS or Constraints a process should NOT Exceed

Answer 35

Control Chart

Question 36

Visual TOOL used to understand a Process

Answer 36

Flowchart

Question 37

EASY Tool used to collect data to Create OTHER Charts

Answer 37

Check Sheet

Question 38

Graphical DISPLAY of a Data Set with ONE BAR for each Category

Answer 38

Histogram - graphical display CENTERED and Pareto - display in Highest to Lowest order

Question 39

Use this to discover potential Relationships and Correlation between Variables

Answer 39

Scatter Diagram

Question 40

What % of QUALITY PROBLEMS does Ishikawa claim the 7 TOOLS can Solve?

Answer 40

90 - 95%

Question 41

Diagram; demonstrates ALL elements that can Influence a Process BEFORE it starts.

Answer 41

``` SIPOC Supplier Input Process Customer ```

Question 42

MANUFACTURING approach to Process Improvement

Answer 42

SIX SIGMA

Question 43

In MANUFACTURING, what are Statistics used for?

Answer 43

Quality Control

Question 44

Plan - Do - Study - Act ... which step is a Response to Analytical Results?

Answer 44

Act

Question 45

Shows whether a Results meets Requirements or not..

Answer 45

Attribute

Question 46

How WELL a Results meets Requirement

Answer 46

Variable

Question 47

Variations that are accepted as Normal part of the Process

Answer 47

Common Cause Variation

Question 48

VARIATION from an ABNORMality that Causes LARGE discrepancy in results

Answer 48

Special Cause Variation

Question 49

MODEL of Designing, Analyzing, and Scoring Tests

Answer 49

IRT (Item Response Theory)

Question 50

Government vs Private sector and Cost-Benefit Analysis

Answer 50

GOVT Benefits.. not Always Money | ... could be flood prevention or welfare

Question 51

COMPARES 1 individual's performance to Other individuals

Answer 51

NORM Referenced

Question 52

COMPARE Individual's performance to a Standard Score

Answer 52

Criterion Referenced

Question 53

Management STRATEGY that uses RESULTS as the Central Measurement of Performance

Answer 53

RBM - Results Based Management

Question 54

Used to count ALL existing cases in a disease

Answer 54

Prevalence

Question 55

Count ONLY NEW cases in a disease

Answer 55

Incidence (Incidence Rate)

Question 56

Used to analyze if FUNDING is worth the Outcome of a project

Answer 56

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Question 57

Performance measure for ONE SPECIFIC goal

Answer 57

KPI

Question 58

Where multiple KPIs are displayed for the Big Picture

Answer 58

KPI Dashboard - multiple charts are needed

Question 59

What does a Balanced Scorecard Measure?

Answer 59

``` CLIF C - Customer L - Learning I - Internal processes F - Financial performance ```