Final

Question 1

Persuasive Speech

Answer 1

shapes/changes the way an audience feels, thinks, or acts

Question 2

Successful argument

Answer 2

LOGICAL exchange of opposing ideas, uses evidence, reasoning, open mindedness, and critical thinking

Question 3

Mental Dialogue

Answer 3

mental give and take between speaker and listener. listener considers credibility, evidence, reasoning, etc.

Question 4

Target audience

Answer 4

portion of audience that speaker most wants to persuade

Question 5

three categories of persuasive speeches

Answer 5

question of fact, question of value, question of policy

Question 6

question of fact

Answer 6

deals with truth or falsity of an assertion (ex- court case)

Question 7

question of value

Answer 7

deals with morality of an idea or action

Question 8

question of policy

Answer 8

advocates for or against a certain course of action

Question 9

passive agreement

Answer 9

convinces audience but avoids encouraging action

Question 10

immidiate action

Answer 10

convinces audience and encourages action

Question 11

ethos/pathos/logos

Answer 11

build credibility, use strong evidence, sound reasoning, and appeal to emotions

Question 12

ethos

Answer 12

CREDIBILITY- the listeners perception of the speaker’s competence and character

Question 13

three types of credibility

Answer 13

initial- before speech
derived- during speech
terminal- end of speech

Question 14

how to enhance credibility

Answer 14

explain competence, establish common ground, speak expressively and with conviction

Question 15

logos

Answer 15

logical appeals- evidence/reasoning

Question 16

rules for evidence

Answer 16

use specific evidence, use novel evidence, uses credible evidence, connects to point

Question 17

logical fallacies

Answer 17

(false logic) drawing conclusions based on insufficient evidence and/or faulty reasoning- avoid!

Question 18

hasty generalization

Answer 18

jumping to conclusions based on insufficient evidence

Question 19

false cause

Answer 19

assuming that if one event follows another in time, the first event caused the second

Question 20

invalid analogy

Answer 20

two cases being compared that are not essentially alike

Question 21

bandwagaon

Answer 21

because something is popular, it is good/correct

Question 22

red harring

Answer 22

irrelevant information diverting the attention from the actual subject

Question 23

ad hominem

Answer 23

attacking the person rather than dealing w/ real issue

Question 24

either-or

Answer 24

narrowing complex situation to two choices

Question 25

slippery slope

Answer 25

assuming first step will lead to later steps and negative outcomes that can be prevented

Question 26

appeal to tradition

Answer 26

assuming something old is automatically better than something new

Question 27

appeal to novelty

Answer 27

assuming something new is automatically better than something old

Question 28

pathos

Answer 28

emotional appeals- intended to evoke anger, sadness, pride, happiness, etc.

Question 29

how to appeal to emotion

Answer 29

use emotional language, imagery, use personal (but usually not your own) examples, show human connection, speak with sincerity, don’t substitute emotion for evidence/reasoning

Question 30

ethics

Answer 30

deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs

Question 31

ethical speaking

Answer 31

make ethically sound goals, be fully prepared, be honest, and avoid abusive/degrading language

Question 32

what not to do when ethically speaking

Answer 32

don’t lie- dishonesty leads to misinformation

don’t use demeaning language- leads to suppression of ideas

Question 33

goals of ethically speaking

Answer 33

truth and free expression of ideas

Question 34

ethical listeners

Answer 34

listeners also have an ethical obligation

Question 35

hearing

Answer 35

vibration of sound waves on eardrums- requires no effort

Question 36

listening

Answer 36

paying close attention and working to make sense of what we hear- does require effort- listen with all senses and mind

Question 37

five types of listening

Answer 37

appreciative, relational, action-oriented, comprehensive, critical

Question 38

appreiciatve

Answer 38

listening for pleasure/enjoyment, relax-oriented, closest to “hearing” (ex- music)

Question 39

relational

Answer 39

listening to provide emotional support, people-oriented, creates/maintains positive relations (females tend to accel)

Question 40

action-oriented

Answer 40

listening to get a job done, tasks oriented, often impatient (males tend to accel)

Question 41

comprehensive

Answer 41

listening to understand, content, oriented, evaluates an issue to learn more (often overlaps with other types)

Question 42

critical

Answer 42

listening to evaluate (accept or reject a message), analysis-oriented (often overlaps with other types)

Question 43

critical listening

Answer 43

listening for main points, evidence or reasoning, technique (use of ethos, pathos, and logos)