Final - 9 Perfusion B (preload, afterload, contractility) Flashcards
Jugular venous distension is seen in this type of heart failure.
R sided HF
Normally about 2/3rds of the cardiac cycle, this consists of relaxation and filling the atria and ventricles.
diastole
Major electrolytes used in cardiac muscle conduction/contraction.
K+, Na+, Ca+
A sign of this is frothy pink-tinged sputum
pulmonary edema or pulmonary hypertension or embolisms?
Your patient describes how she wakes up at night, several hours into her sleep, feeling like she can’t breathe.
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, or orthopnea or asthma?
This provides a graphic representation, or picture, of cardiac electrical activity.
ECG
There is no pulse present but regular electrical activity is noted on the monitor.
PEA
H’s & T’s
The Hearts primary “pacemaker” which can spontaneously and rhythmically generate electrical pulses at a rate of 60-100 beats/minute.
SA node
This type of dysrhythmia is identified as anything under 60 beats per minute.
bradycardia
The medication given/tried if a patient has angina (a)______
how to administer it (b)______
two major side effects(c)____,_____
a) What is Nitroglycerin?
b) Give up to 3 tablets, 3-5 minutes apart, under the tongue until symptoms resolve.
c) Major Side effects to watch for – headache – ahhhh! and low blood pressure – it
vasodilates.
It takes into account systolic and diastolic pressures. Assists in determining perfusion.
MAP
The nurse is discharging a client to home with a new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. The nurse explains that which of the following is the most important symptom to report to the physician?
- Irregular pulse
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Hemoptysis
- hemoptysis
The nurse has finished reviewing the shift report on a cardiac unit. The nurse should plan to see which of the following assigned clients first?
- A client with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who is reporting mild dyspnea.
- A client who had a cardiac catheterization and will be ambulating for the first time
- A client receiving antibiotics for bacterial infection and is reporting anxiety and chest pain
- A client who is recovering from a coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery with a temperature of 101 F.
- A client receiving antibiotics for bacterial infection and is reporting anxiety and chest pain
The nurse is caring for a client who had a permanent pacemaker inserted because of complete heart block. The nurse determines that which of the following outcomes indicates a successful procedure?
- Client ambulating in the hall within 4 hours of the procedure without dyspnea or chest pain
- Client’s ECG monitor demonstrates normal sinus rhythm
- Heart rate of 80 beats per minute, blood pressure 120/80
- Client’s ECG monitor shows paced beats at the rate of 68 per minute
- Client’s ECG monitor shows paced beats at the rate of 68 per minute
The nurse is caring for a client who has just returned from cardiac femoral angiography. Which of the following is important patient teaching?
- “You are recovering well sitting up at a 90 degrees is perfect.”
- “It is important for you to walk, so I will be back in 1 hour to walk with you.”
- “It is important to drink fluids after this procedure, to protect your kidney function. I will bring you a pitcher and I encourage you to drink.”
- “You will need to do the leg exercises that you practiced before the procedure to keep good circulation to your legs. After your exercises, you can rest.”
3.“It is important to drink fluids after this procedure, to protect your kidney function. I will bring you a pitcher and I encourage you to drink.”
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of renal failure and myocardial infarction. The nurse who is reviewing laboratory finding would call the doctor to report which of the following results?
- Potassium level of 5.0 mEq/L
- Sodium level of 145 mEq/L
- Calcium level of 7.0 mg/dL
- Phosphorous level of 3
- Calcium level of 7.0 mg/dL
Three lab diagnostics you would expect to check if a patient comes in and is suspected of a heart attack.
Troponin, CK, CK-MB, possibly BNP, CMP or BMP.
If you hear an S3 sound, fluid is _____ in (benign in youth, athletes, & pregnant women) = can indicate HF or volume overload = report!
sloshing
S4: blood being pushed against stiff _____ _____ (sound: “a stiff wall”)
L ventricle
____ has larger impact on MI than _____
transmural has larger impact on MI than subendocardial
affected area includes all layers/wall of heart
transmural or Q wave
involves layer below the endocardium
subendocardial or non-Q wave
Ischemia: inverted _____ wave = not enough O2
T
Injury: elevated _____ wave
ST
Infarction: abnormal _____ wave
Q
