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Patient Centered Care 3 > Final - 3 Fluid & Electrolytes > Flashcards

Final - 3 Fluid & Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

normal calcium level

A

8.5 - 10.5

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2
Q

Hypocalcemia s/s

A

Polly The Cow Did Terribly (she didn’t make enough)

  • parasthesias
  • twitching/tetany
  • diarrhea
  • trousseou’s
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3
Q

Hypercalcemia s/s

A

Dairy Cows Can Wait (we have too much)

  • diminished reflexes
  • constipation
  • confusion
  • weakness muscle
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4
Q

normal Magnesium level

A

1.5-2.5

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5
Q

hypomagnesia s/s

A

The Tape Can Substitute

  • tetany
  • trousseu’s
  • chvostek’s
  • sensation changes
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6
Q

hypermagnesia s/s

A

Real Fridges Have Magnets

  • resp. distress/depression
  • flushing
  • hypotension
  • muscle weakness/decreased DTR
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7
Q

are calcium and magnesium correlated with one another, or are their s/s flip-flopped

A

similar
hyper = hyper
hypo = hypo

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8
Q

are phosphorous and calcium correlated with one another or are their s/s flip-flopped

A

flip-flopped
hyper = hypo
hypo = hyper
*minus the GI dysfunction

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9
Q

hypophosphatemia s/s

A

diminished reflexes, confusion, weakness

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10
Q

hyperphsophatemia s/s

A

tetany, chvostek’s, trousseau’s

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11
Q

Do you have increased BP with fluid volume overload of deficit

A

overload

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12
Q

Do you have low BP with fluid volume overload of deficit

A

deficit

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13
Q

Do you have weak, rapid pulse with fluid volume overload of deficit

A

deficit

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14
Q

Do you have bounding pulse with fluid volume overload of deficit

A

overload

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15
Q

Do you have flattened neck veins with fluid volume overload of deficit

A

deficit

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16
Q

Do you have distended neck veins with fluid volume overload of deficit

A

overload

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17
Q

Do you have nausea/vomiting with fluid volume overload of deficit

A

deficit

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18
Q

Do you have oliguria with fluid volume overload of deficit

A

overload

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19
Q

Do you have confusion with fluid volume overload of deficit

A

deficit

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20
Q

Do you have lethargy with fluid volume overload of deficit

A

deficit

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21
Q

Do you have fatigue with fluid volume overload of deficit

A

overload

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22
Q

Do you have dyspnea with fluid volume overload of deficit

A

overload

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23
Q

Do you have HA with fluid volume overload of deficit

A

deficit

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24
Q

Do you have edema with fluid volume overload of deficit

A

overload

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25
Q

Do you have dizziness with fluid volume overload of deficit

A

deficit

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26
Q

Do you have muscle cramps/weakness twitching-convulsions with fluid volume overload of deficit

A

deficit

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27
Q

Potassium regulates cardiac rhythm - an increase or decrease in K+ has a direct effect on _____ rhythm and _____ results

A

cardiac

EKG

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28
Q

high or low K+ s/s

A

Bananas Have Potassium

  • bradycardia
  • hypotension
  • PVCs, dysrhythmias
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29
Q

hypokalemia s/s

A

Low Potassium Causes Cramps

  • limp
  • polyuria
  • constipation
  • leg cramps
30
Q

Hyperkalemia s/s

A

Increased Potassium Offers Death

  • irritability
  • parasthesias
  • oliguria
  • diarrhea
31
Q

high or low Na+ s/s

A

SALT

  • seizures
  • abdominal distress (cramping, n/v)
  • low pressure
  • tachycardia
32
Q

hyponatremia s/s

A

LOW

  • low temp.
  • orientation (confused)
  • weak/lethargy
33
Q

hypernatremia s/s

A

DASH

  • dehydrated (thirsty, dry mouth)
  • agitated/twitchy
  • swollen (fluid retention)
  • hot/flushed (fever)
34
Q

normal K+ levels

A

3.5 - 5.5

35
Q

normal Na+ levels

A

135-145

36
Q

hypertonic solutions

A

3% NS

5% NS

37
Q

hypotonic solutions

A

0.45% NS

38
Q

Isotonic solutions

A

0.9% NS

LR

39
Q

Colloid Solutions

A

Dextran 40 in NS

Albumin

40
Q

which solution do you use for burns

A

LR

41
Q

Chronic Renal Failure causes _____

A

anemia

42
Q

oliguria for pediatric pt’s is urine output less than _____

A

1 ml/kg/hr

43
Q

Adults minimum urine output should be _____

A

30 ml/kg/hr

44
Q

MAP =

A

(1 systolic + 2 diastolics)/3

45
Q
A

<65

46
Q

T/F: MAP is a tad bit more accurate than BP for your vasodilator meds

A

T

47
Q

Renin-angiotensis system is produced in _____

A

liver

48
Q

Aldosterone triggers reabsorption of _____ and is produced by _____

A

Na+

Kidneys

49
Q

most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in acutely ill pt

A

weight

50
Q

1 kg wt gain is equal to _____ mL of retained fluid

A

1000

51
Q

1 lb wt gain is equal to _____ mL retained fluid

A

450

52
Q

normal specific gravity

A

1.010 - 10.25

53
Q

normal creatinine

A

0.5 - 1.5

54
Q

normal BUN

A

7-20

55
Q

normal BUN-to-creatinine ratio

A

10:3

56
Q

biopsies are contraindicated in…

A

morbid obese pt’s

57
Q

a reversible syndrome that results in decreased GFR and oliguria. Criterion is >50 increase in serum creatinine

A

acute renal injury

58
Q

a progressive, irreversible deterioration of renal function that results in acotemia (an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood as a result of kidney insufficiency; compare to uremia)

A

chronic renal injury

59
Q

main difference between acute and chronic renal injjry

A

acute: reversible
chronic: irreversible

60
Q
  • Before you get to the kidneys
  • Due to Hypoperfusion (hypovolemia, hypotension, decreased cardiac output & heart failure).
  • Labs: Oliguria, elevated BUN, normal creatinine.
A

prerenal

61
Q
  • Actual kidneys damaged
  • Actual damage to kidney tissue occurs.
  • Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) occurs.
A

intrarenal

62
Q
  • What happens after the kidneys (ex. prostate)
  • Due to obstruction distal to kidney including obstructed arteries or veins. (Kidney stones are NOT common cause but can increase risk.)
A

postrenal

63
Q

permanent -_____% reduction in GFR is normal

A

3%

64
Q

phases of ARI

A
  • initiation
  • oliguria (<400/24 hrs)
  • diuresis
  • recovery
65
Q

**most common cause of death in acute renal failure

A

hyperkalemia

66
Q

nutritional information for the child with kidney disease

A
  • low Na+, K+, P, sugar, fluids
67
Q

drug that helps you get rid of K+ for hyperkalemis & acidosis

A

kayexalate causes extreme diarrhea, so the K+ is pooped out

68
Q

hemodialysis is recommended when _____ of nephrons are no longer working

A

80%

69
Q

how long is hemodialysis tx

A

typically 3x/wk for 2-4 hrs in an outpatient setting

70
Q

common s/s hemodialysis

A
  • hypotension
  • n/v
  • anemia
71
Q

_____ agents must be held on dialysis days to avoid hypotension

A

antihypertensives

72
Q

big difference between hemodialysis & peritoneal dialysis

A

you can have more protein with PD

Patient Centered Care 3 (13 decks)

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