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Chem > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

How to find empirical formula

A

If given percent, the percent is grams (assume 100g)

Find miles of each through stoich

Divide each by smallest number of moles

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2
Q

How to find molecular formula

A

Find molar mass of empirical

If given real molar mass, divide by empirical mass

Take that number and multiply formula

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3
Q

Entropy

A

Disorder of a system

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4
Q

How to find what has greatest entropy

A

Largest molecules and highest states of matter have greatest entropy

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5
Q

Entropy change is measured in

A

Δs

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6
Q

In order for an endothermic reaction to be spontaneous under standard conditions and constant pressure…. what’s up with Δa and Δh/t

A

Δs must be positive and greater than Δh/t

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7
Q

What’s the difference between internal energy change Δu and enthalpy change Δh

A

Work

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8
Q

What is a spontaneous process

A

It occurs on its own

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9
Q

For quantum number stuff, what is L

A

N-1 or less (it’s the orbital) ex-2P

Spdf numbers

S-0

P=1

D=2

F=3

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10
Q

What is m sub l (quantum number)

A

Number of sub orbital

It can be + or - L

(Write out the written electron theory thing with the ups and downs) (the last electrons placement is the sub level )

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11
Q

What is VSEPR bro is same as electron pair geometry? Is it polar or non polar

A

Non polar

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12
Q

What dictates mass change in an atom

A

Number of neutrons

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13
Q

Isotopes

A

Same element with different mass number/number of neutrons

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14
Q

What is the identity of an atom determined by

A

Protons

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15
Q

Isomer

A

Two or more compounds with same formula but different arrangement of atoms

Also has different properties

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16
Q

Allotrope

A

Two or more physical forms which an element can exist in

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17
Q

What can be lost from nucleus that doesn’t result in charge of atomic number

A

Neutrons

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18
Q

What did Rutherford’s gold foil experiment show

A

Atoms were mostly empty space

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19
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum in terms of high to low

A 
X rays 
If rays 
Visible
Infrared
Microwaves
TV
radio
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20
Q

What does the L quantum number determine

A

Angular momentum

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21
Q

Entropy measures

A

Energy going out in the universe

If surroundings are increasing, system is decreasing

22
Q

Emission

A

When electron returns to ground state by releasing extra energy absorbed

23
Q

Absorption

A

When atom changes from ground state to excited state

24
Q

Isoelectric

A

Having no net charge or difference in electron potential

Think or noble gas configuration?

25
Q

How does Mg differ from Mg2+

A

Ion has inert gas electron configuration

Atom does not

26
Q

Which term best characterized relation of hydrogen to deutreium

A

Isotope

27
Q

Deuterium

A

One of two stable isotopes of hydrogen

2h

28
Q

Protium

A

Another stable isotope of hydrogen (1h)

29
Q

Tritium

A

Hydrogen radioactive isotope (3h)

30
Q

Alpha particle

A

2 protons and 2 neutrons released from an atom

Has a charge of +2 and interacts with matter greatly

31
Q

Equation of wavelength if given speed

A

λ=h/mass x velocity

32
Q

How to determine what the m sub s quantum number is

A

It will be + or - 1/2 depending on if last electron is an up or down arrow

(Down is -)

33
Q

What are the two types of bonds that have expected conductivity when solid is FUSED

A

Ionic

Metallic

34
Q

What is the only type of bond with a high expected conductivity when in a SOLID state?

A

Metallic

35
Q

Melting point of a mixture is expected to be _____than melting point of a pure substance

A

Lower

36
Q

Lower vapor pressures have ____ surface tension

A

Greater

37
Q

Substances with a lower vapor pressure have ______ tendency to change from liquid to gas

A

Little

38
Q

What mass of gases will escape most quickly through a pinhole leak

A

Light gasses

39
Q

Partial pressure

A

Force exerted by gas

Heavier gassed have more partial pressure

40
Q

Avogadro principle with gas

A

Equal volumes of any gas under the same temperature and pressure conditions will contain the same number of particles

41
Q

Average kinetic energy is proportional to..

A

Temperature

42
Q

When finding how much WATER needs to be added to a stock solution, what do you do?

A

Find difference between v1 and v2

43
Q

What is a unit cell

A

the smallest group of atoms of a substance that has the overall symmetry of a crystal of that substance, and from which the entire lattice can be built up by repetition in three dimensions.

44
Q

What effects vapor pressure of a liquid

A

Temperature

45
Q

Work function

A

Energy needed to eject electrons from surface

Stuff below frequency won’t eject light

46
Q

Exceptions to hunds rule

A

Cr
Cu
Ag
Mo

47
Q

Lattice energy guidelines

A

Greater the difference in charge makesattice energy go up

Bigger diameter makes lattice energy go down

48
Q

Intensive physical qualities

A

Not dependent on quantity

49
Q

Extensive physical properties

A

Dependent on physical quantity

Ex-boiling point

50
Q

How to get from Celsius to kelvin

A

C plus 273.15

Chem (18 decks)

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