Exam 1 Flashcards
According to the de broglie equation, if two objects are moving at the same speed…
Doubling the mass of one of the objects will have the same effect on its wavelength as does doubling the speed
If one object has twice as much mass as the other, it’s wavelength is one-half the wavelength of the other
De broglie equation
Relates the wavelength of any moving company beefy to its mass and it’s speed
Wavelength=h/mu
H-plank constant
M-mass
U-velocity
Orbitals with larger values of n are….
Shells that are greater distance from the nucleus and have higher energies than those with lower values of n
Value of L and letter identifier
S-0 P-1 D-2 F-3 G-4
(These can be positive or negative numbers and go through interferes in between them- Ex if L=4 then ml can be -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3)
Magnetic quantum number (ml)
Defines the orientation of an orbital in space. An internet that may have any value from -l to +l, where l is the angular momentum quantum number
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
The principle that one cannot simultaneously know the exact position and the fact momentum of an electron
As quantum number n increases, the size of the orbital….
Also increases
Wavelength of light from lowest energy to highest energy
435nm
565nm
673nm
Lower numbers have higher energy
Characteristics that apply to an atomic orbital
Identified by a unique combination of THREE quantum numbers
A region around the nucleus of an atom where the probability of finding an electron is high
Defined by the square of the wave function
Degenerate orbitals
Need to be of the same energy
They Don’t have to be of same shape or even angular momentum quantum numbers
Aubau principle
The concept of building up ground state atoms so that their electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals available
How to find how many moles of a specific atom are in a compound
Multiple it’s subscript with the number of moles in compound
Relationship between frequency and wavelength
They are inversely proportional λν=c
Same with energy and wavelength
Excited state atom
total energy of the electrons can be lowered by transferring one or more electrons to different orbitals. That is, in an excited-state atom not all electrons are in the lowest possible energy levels.
Hunds rule
Every orbital is singly occupied before it is doubly occupied
Ground state
Lowest energy electron configuration for that atom
Excited state
An electron can transition from a lower state to a higher energy level by absorbing a quantity of energy (ΔE) that exactly matches the energy difference between two states
This process is called absorption
Excited state is more or less stable…why
Less stable
Electron from a higher energy level will then transition to a lower energy level
Transitions to higher states (absorption) have _____ΔE values
Positive
Transitions to lower states (emission) have ______ ΔE values
Negative
Represents the number of joules in a single quantum of energy
E
A quantum of electromagnetic radiation
Photon
Vo
Threshold frequency
The minimum frequency of light required to produce the photoelectric effect
Work function
Minimum quantity of energy needed to emit photoelectrons from a photoelectric material
Related to strength of attraction between the nucleus of metals atom and the electrons surrounding its nuclei
De broglie equation
λ=h/mu
The more momentum a particle has…. the ____its de profile wavelength
Shorter
1J=
1kg•m2/s2
Aufbau principle
Each electron goes into the lowest energy orbital available
Pauli exclusion principle
No two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
We can not determine both the position and the momentum of an electron in an atom at the same number
Where do degenerate orbitals occur
P
D
F
Hunds rule
The lowest energy electron configuration of an atom has the maximum number of unpaired electrons, all of which have the same spin degenerate orbitals
Also-each orbitals in a sub level is singly occupies before any orbital is doubly occupied
One isotope makes 97% of calcium atoms..which one?
40Ca
Isotopes have
Same atomic number but different mass number
Pauli exclusion principle
no two electrons can have the same four electronic quantum numbers
An ion is formed when
Electron is taken from highest energy orbital (n value)
Anode
Device where current flows IN from outside
(Oxidation)
(Don’t panic) (positive is anode negative is cathode)
Cathode
Decide where current flows OUT
(Reduction)
(Don’t panic) (positive is anode negative is cathode)
