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PHAR 300 > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

AVD=

A

dose/[] in blood

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2
Q

Met. phases?

A 
I = Inactivate drugs (P450), but still lipid soluble
II = Conjugation ->Now water soluble
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3
Q

Enzyme induction=?

A

Drug A->more enz.->less of drug B

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4
Q

codeine, B-blockers and tryciclic metabolized by?

A

2D6

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5
Q

Kidney urine Excretion=

A

filtration + secretion -reabsorption

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6
Q

Drug clearance=?

A

Qt of drug eliminated in given time

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7
Q

First vs zero order kinetics?

A 
First = Constant fraction, normal
Zero = Constant amount
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8
Q

Ligand gated ion channel Eg?

A

Nicotinic, GABA, glutamate, serotonin

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9
Q

GCPR Eg?

A

Opiods, muscarinic

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10
Q

GCPR activation occurs when?

A

GDP->GTP and dissociation of alpha subunits

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11
Q

Kd?

A

Affinity constant, Concentration of drug that bind to half the receptors. Low Kd = high affinity

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12
Q

Potency vs efficacy?

A

amount for effect

Max effect produced

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13
Q

Caffeine CYP?

A

1A2

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14
Q

Kinetics difference with elders?

A

Decrease: renal clearance, increase fat, decrease phase 1 metabolism, decrease first-pass

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15
Q

Kinetics vs dynamics tolerance?

A

K=Drug broken down more rapidly. Dose response curve (DRC) the same for same blood concentration of the drug.
D=Decreased effect when reaches receptors. DRC to the right at same drug concentration

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16
Q

Withdrawal effect are?

A

The opposite of drug effect

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17
Q

Tolerance is the idea of?

A

having to give more of the drug to have same effect

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18
Q

Down vs up-regulation of receptors?

A

Down: response to Drug that stimulates them (agonist)
Up: In response to drug that blocks them (antagonists). Risk for rebound effect.

19
Q

Differential tolerance?

A

Indiv. doesn’t become equally tolerant to all effects of a drug to the exact extent.

20
Q

Toxico studies? All are observationnal.

A
  1. Cohort: Exposed ->Is it bad (Either pro or retrospective)
  2. Case-Control: Similar problems ->Exposure to toxins?
  3. Cross sectional: Cohort+Case, lots of data
21
Q

Odds ratio vs relative risk vs standardized mortality ratio?

A

Odds ratio: Risk of disease in a ration
Relative risk: Risk of disease in %
SMR: Risk of death ratio

22
Q

Mercury?

A

Methylated mercury

23
Q

MAle physio?

A

Seminiferous tubules-efferent duct-epidimys-vas deferens

24
Q

Sperm takes?

25
Q

LH does in male?

A

Leydig cell to produce testosterone (outside seminiferous) by increasing cholesterol availability. Testo concentration 10X higher in seminiferous than in blood

26
Q

Testosterone converted into DHT by?

A

5alpha-reductase

27
Q

FSH does in male?

A

Sertoli cells: Nurse the germ cells (inside seminiferous)

28
Q

Testosterone to E2 by?

29
Q

Male hormonal contraception idea?

A

Estradiol+Testo = no sperms because not enough in seminiferous

30
Q

cotton product infetility?

31
Q

Psorias=

A

hyper proliferation of keratinocytes

32
Q

UVA
UVB
deapth?

A

A=Dermis

B=Epidermis

33
Q

Acne problems?

A

1-KEratin block duct (black spot)
2-Sebum block duct
3-INflammation sebaceaous gland
4-Microbes

34
Q

Retinoids/vit. A pathways?

A

Retinol (Vit.A) an alcohol ->retinol dehydrogenase->Retinal (Aldehyde)->Retinal dehydrogenase->Retinoic Acid (acid)

35
Q

Vit. A mechanism of actions? (BP=binding protein)

A

Retinol +RBP allow inside cell->Retinol + Cellular Retinol BP (CRBP)->change to aldehyde than to acid-> Retinois acid (RA) binds to CRABP allowing inside nucleus->RA binds to retinoic receptors RXR/RAR->Activated dimer binds to RARE which cause gene expression

36
Q

Hair cycle?

A

Growth->end of growth (ANAGEN)->transition (Catagen)->resting phase(telogen)

37
Q

Baldnes cause/cure?

A

DHT. Finasteride blocks prod of DHT

38
Q

Beta-carotene precursor of?

39
Q

Vit a role in vision?

A

In rods->Rhodopsin (GPCR) composed of retinal and opsin->light->trans-retinal detach from opsin->Na+ channel closes and cell hyperpolarizes->less inhibition of bipolar cells->stimulate ganglion cells->allow vision

40
Q

Vit D pathways? Role? Bind to receptor?

A

UV->pre-vit D (cholesterol)->Cholecaciferol->liver:25-OH->kidneys:1,25-OH-
Absorption of calcium, b/c CALBINDINS bind calcium in GIT requires vitD3 to work. Also bone matrix, osteoclast regulation
receptor: Retinoid X receptor->change genes

41
Q

Vit E?

A

Antioxidant

42
Q

Vit. K?

A

Synthesis of prothrombin from precursor leading to thrombin and coag.
MAde by GIT bacteria

43
Q

Vit. C important b/c?

A

1.Electron donor (antioxidant)
2.Collagen synthesis
Deficiency:scurvy

44
Q

Vit B?

A

B1 (thiamine): Help convert food to energy. Deficiency cause beriberi
B2 (Riboflavin): tissue repair.
B3(Niacin): Cofactor P450. Defiency: Pellagr ->Dermatitis, Diarrhea,Dementia
B6 (Pyridoxin): brain, immune, RBC
B9 (Folate): DNA Synthesis. Deficiency: Megaloblastia anemia/fetal malformation
B12: Intrinsic factor to be absorbed. Deficiency: Pernicious anemia

PHAR 300 (14 decks)

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