FINAL Flashcards by Xavier St-Germain Roy

AVD=

dose/[] in blood

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Met. phases?

I = Inactivate drugs (P450), but still lipid soluble
II = Conjugation ->Now water soluble

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Enzyme induction=?

Drug A->more enz.->less of drug B

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codeine, B-blockers and tryciclic metabolized by?

2D6

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Kidney urine Excretion=

filtration + secretion -reabsorption

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Drug clearance=?

Qt of drug eliminated in given time

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First vs zero order kinetics?

First = Constant fraction, normal
Zero = Constant amount

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Ligand gated ion channel Eg?

Nicotinic, GABA, glutamate, serotonin

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GCPR Eg?

Opiods, muscarinic

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GCPR activation occurs when?

GDP->GTP and dissociation of alpha subunits

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Kd?

Affinity constant, Concentration of drug that bind to half the receptors. Low Kd = high affinity

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Potency vs efficacy?

amount for effect

Max effect produced

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Caffeine CYP?

1A2

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Kinetics difference with elders?

Decrease: renal clearance, increase fat, decrease phase 1 metabolism, decrease first-pass

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Kinetics vs dynamics tolerance?

K=Drug broken down more rapidly. Dose response curve (DRC) the same for same blood concentration of the drug.
D=Decreased effect when reaches receptors. DRC to the right at same drug concentration

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Withdrawal effect are?

The opposite of drug effect

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Tolerance is the idea of?

having to give more of the drug to have same effect

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Down vs up-regulation of receptors?

Down: response to Drug that stimulates them (agonist)
Up: In response to drug that blocks them (antagonists). Risk for rebound effect.

Differential tolerance?

Indiv. doesn’t become equally tolerant to all effects of a drug to the exact extent.

Toxico studies? All are observationnal.

Cohort: Exposed ->Is it bad (Either pro or retrospective)
Case-Control: Similar problems ->Exposure to toxins?
Cross sectional: Cohort+Case, lots of data

Odds ratio vs relative risk vs standardized mortality ratio?

Odds ratio: Risk of disease in a ration
Relative risk: Risk of disease in %
SMR: Risk of death ratio

Mercury?

Methylated mercury

MAle physio?

Seminiferous tubules-efferent duct-epidimys-vas deferens

Sperm takes?

64days

LH does in male?

Leydig cell to produce testosterone (outside seminiferous) by increasing cholesterol availability. Testo concentration 10X higher in seminiferous than in blood

Testosterone converted into DHT by?

5alpha-reductase

FSH does in male?

Sertoli cells: Nurse the germ cells (inside seminiferous)

Testosterone to E2 by?

Aromatase

Male hormonal contraception idea?

Estradiol+Testo = no sperms because not enough in seminiferous

cotton product infetility?

Gossypol

Psorias=

hyper proliferation of keratinocytes

UVA UVB deapth?

A=Dermis | B=Epidermis

Acne problems?

1-KEratin block duct (black spot) 2-Sebum block duct 3-INflammation sebaceaous gland 4-Microbes

Retinoids/vit. A pathways?

Retinol (Vit.A) an alcohol ->retinol dehydrogenase->Retinal (Aldehyde)->Retinal dehydrogenase->Retinoic Acid (acid)

Vit. A mechanism of actions? (BP=binding protein)

Retinol +RBP allow inside cell->Retinol + Cellular Retinol BP (CRBP)->change to aldehyde than to acid-> Retinois acid (RA) binds to CRABP allowing inside nucleus->RA binds to retinoic receptors RXR/RAR->Activated dimer binds to RARE which cause gene expression

Hair cycle?

Growth->end of growth (ANAGEN)->transition (Catagen)->resting phase(telogen)

Baldnes cause/cure?

DHT. Finasteride blocks prod of DHT

Beta-carotene precursor of?

Vit a

Vit a role in vision?

In rods->Rhodopsin (GPCR) composed of retinal and opsin->light->trans-retinal detach from opsin->Na+ channel closes and cell hyperpolarizes->less inhibition of bipolar cells->stimulate ganglion cells->allow vision

Vit D pathways? Role? Bind to receptor?

UV->pre-vit D (cholesterol)->Cholecaciferol->liver:25-OH->kidneys:1,25-OH- Absorption of calcium, b/c CALBINDINS bind calcium in GIT requires vitD3 to work. Also bone matrix, osteoclast regulation receptor: Retinoid X receptor->change genes

Vit E?

Antioxidant

Vit. K?

Synthesis of prothrombin from precursor leading to thrombin and coag. MAde by GIT bacteria

Vit. C important b/c?

1.Electron donor (antioxidant) 2.Collagen synthesis Deficiency:scurvy

Vit B?

B1 (thiamine): Help convert food to energy. Deficiency cause beriberi B2 (Riboflavin): tissue repair. B3(Niacin): Cofactor P450. Defiency: Pellagr ->Dermatitis, Diarrhea,Dementia B6 (Pyridoxin): brain, immune, RBC B9 (Folate): DNA Synthesis. Deficiency: Megaloblastia anemia/fetal malformation B12: Intrinsic factor to be absorbed. Deficiency: Pernicious anemia