Class #16 - Female contraception Flashcards
Pregnancy rate male condoms vs oral contraception?
14% - 0.5-5%
Female reproductive tract?
Germ cells in ovaries ->oocytes ->fallopian tube->uterus
Estrogen uses?
Contraception, hormone replacement therapy, cancer replacement therapy.
Hormone axis?
Hypothalamus ->Gonodotropic-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) ->ganadotropes in pit.->LH/FSH->granulosa/theca cells
GnRH released in a …manner?
Pulsatile
FSH regulates?
- Follicule growth and maturation
- Cholesterol side chain cleavage and aromatase activity in granulosa cells (converts T to E2)
What produces progesterone until placenta takes over, if pregnant?
Corpus luteum
LH regulates?
- Acts on Theca cells to increase steroid synthesis and to increase synthesis of FSH receptors.
- LH surge triggers ovulation resulting in production of corpus luteum
Steroidogenesis of estradiol?
Cholesterol -> side chain cleavage reaction ->progesterone—->testosterone->aromatase->Estradiol
Steroid receptors: hMR hPR hER alpha hER beta
human mineralocorticoid receptors
“ progesterone “ (only one type, but can be post-transcriptionally modified after binding to hPR alpha/beta))
“ Estrogen “ alpha
“ Estrogen “ beta
Estrogens dynamics?
Binds to lipophilic p+ in blood ->enters cell -> bind to receptor -> go in nucleus and bind to estrogen response element in DNA.
Effect depends on amount of E2 and presence of coactivators
hER alpha and hER beta differences.
- different response elements (ligands)
- different co-activators
- Beta: HAS NON-GENOMIC MECHANISM
- Estrogen binds to both, but some drugs can bind to only one receptor
Hot flash in menopause cause?
estrogen-dependant thermoregulator lacking estrogens in the brain
T or F: Progesterone non-genomic pathways?
T
Progesterone actions?
- Thermoregulation
- mammary gland dev.
- Adapts bosy to make it possible to receive embryo
