Final

Question 1

Keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation.

Answer 1

Audience-Centeredness

Question 2

The Tendency of people to be concerned above all their own values, beliefs, and well-being.

Answer 2

Egocentrism

Question 3

Audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, group membership, and racial, ethnic, or cultural background.

Answer 3

Demographic Audience Analysis

Question 4

Creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike.

Answer 4

Stereotyping

Question 5

Audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion.

Answer 5

situational Audience Analysis

Question 6

A frame of mind in favor of or opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution, etc.

Answer 6

Attitude

Question 7

Questions that offer a fixed choice between two or more alternatives.

Answer 7

Fixed-Alternative Questions

Question 8

Questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers.

Answer 8

Scale Questions

Question 9

Questions that allow respondents to answer however they want.

Answer 9

Open-Ended Questions

Question 10

A listing of all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by the library.

Answer 10

Catalogue

Question 11

A number used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves.

Answer 11

Call Number

Question 12

A work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy access by researchers.

Answer 12

Reference Work

Question 13

A research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of magazines, journals, and newspapers.

Answer 13

Newspaper and Periodical Database

Question 14

A summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author.

Answer 14

Abstract

Question 15

A database that catalogues articles from scholarly journals.

Answer 15

Academic Database

Question 16

A search engine that combines internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data.

Answer 16

Virtual Library

Question 17

An organization that, in the absence of a clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the internet.

Answer 17

Sponsoring Organization

Question 18

An interview conducted to gather information for a speech.

Answer 18

Research Interview

Question 19

A list compiled early in the research process of works that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic.

Answer 19

Preliminary Bibliography

Question 20

The materials used to support a speaker’s ideas. Examples, statistics, and testimony.

Answer 20

Supporting Materials

Question 21

A specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions experiences, or the like.

Answer 21

Examples

Question 22

A specific case referred to in a passing to illustrate a point.

Answer 22

Brief Example

Question 23

A story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.

Answer 23

Extended Example

Question 24

An example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.

Answer 24

Hypothetical Example

Question 25

The average value of a group of numbers.

Answer 25

Mean

Question 26

The middle number in a group of numbers arranged from highest to lowest.

Answer 26

Median

Question 27

The number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers.

Answer 27

Mode

Question 28

Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point.

Answer 28

Testimony

Question 29

Testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields.

Answer 29

Expert Testimony

Question 30

Testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic

Answer 30

Peer Testimony

Question 31

A visual aid used to show statistical trends and patterns.

Answer 31

Graph

Question 32

A graph that uses one or more lines to show changes in statistics over time or space.

Answer 32

Line Graph

Question 33

A graph that highlights segments of a circle to show simple distribution patterns.

Answer 33

Pie Graph

Question 34

A graph that uses vertical or horizontal bars to show comparisons among two or more items.

Answer 34

Bar Graph

Question 35

A visual aid that summarizes a large block of information, usually in list form.

Answer 35

Chart

Question 36

A complete set of type of the same design.

Answer 36

Font

Question 37

A speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding.

Answer 37

Informative Speech

Question 38

Anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form.

Answer 38

Object

Question 39

A systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product.

Answer 39

Process

Question 40

Anything that happens or is regarded as happening.

Answer 40

Event

Question 41

A belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like.

Answer 41

Concept

Question 42

A statement that depicts a person, event, idea, or the like with clarity and vividness.

Answer 42

Description

Question 43

A statement of the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.

Answer 43

Comparison

Question 44

A statement of the differences among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.

Answer 44

Contrast

Question 45

To present one's ideas in human terms that relate in some fashion to the experience of the audience.

Answer 45

Personalize

Question 46

The process of creating reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions.

Answer 46

Persuasion

Question 47

The mental give=and-take between speaker and listener during a persuasive speech.

Answer 47

Mental Dialogue with the audience

Question 48

The portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade.

Answer 48

Target Audience

Question 49

A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion.

Answer 49

Question of Fact

Question 50

A question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action.

Answer 50

Question of Value

Question 51

A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.

Answer 51

Question of Policy

Question 52

A persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of the policy.

Answer 52

Speech to Gain Passive Agreement

Question 53

A persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience to take action in support of a given policy.

Answer 53

Speech to Gain Immediate Action

Question 54

The first basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Is there a serious problem or need that requires a change from current policy?

Answer 54

Need

Question 55

The obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary.

Answer 55

Burden of Proof

Question 56

The second basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: If there is a problem with current policy, does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem?

Answer 56

Plan

Question 57

The third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Will the speaker's plan solve the problem? Will it create new and more serious problems?

Answer 57

Practicality

Question 58

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.

Answer 58

Problem-Solution Order

Question 59

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which they first main point identifies a problem, the second main point analyzes the causes of the problem, and the third main point presents a solution to the problem.

Answer 59

Problem-Cause-Solution Order

Question 60

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which each main point explains why a speaker's solution to a problem is preferable to other proposed solutions.

Answer 60

Comparative Advantages Order

Question 61

A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. The five steps of the motivated sequence are attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action.

Answer 61

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

Question 62

The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as credibility.

Answer 62

Ethos

Question 63

The audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.

Answer 63

Credibility

Question 64

The credibility of a speaker before she or he starts to speak.

Answer 64

Initial Credibility

Question 65

The credibility of a speaker produced by everything she or he says and does during the speech.

Answer 65

Derived Credibility

Question 66

The credibility of a speaker at the end of a speech.

Answer 66

Terminal Credibility

Question 67

A technique in which a speaker connects himself or herself with the values, attitudes, or experiences of the audience.

Answer 67

Creating Common Ground

Question 68

Supporting materials used to prove or disprove something.

Answer 68

Evidence

Question 69

The name used by Aristotle for the logical appeal of a speaker.

Answer 69

Logos

Question 70

The process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence.

Answer 70

Reasoning

Question 71

Reasoning that moves from particular facts to a general conclusion.

Answer 71

Reasoning from Specific Instances

Question 72

Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion.

Answer 72

Reasoning from Principle

Question 73

Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects

Answer 73

Causal Reasoning

Question 74

Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second.

Answer 74

Analogical Reasoning.

Question 75

An error in reasoning.

Answer 75

Fallacy

Question 76

A fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence.

Answer 76

Hasty Generalization

Question 77

An analogy in which the two cases being compared are not essentially alike.

Answer 77

Invalid Analogy

Question 78

A fallacy which assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable.

Answer 78

Bandwagon

Question 79

A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion.

Answer 79

Red Herring

Question 80

A fallacy that attack the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute.

Answer 80

Ad Hominem

Question 81

A fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist.

Answer 81

Eithor-Or

Question 82

A fallacy which assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented.

Answer 82

Slippery Slope

Question 83

A fallacy which assumes that something old is automatically better than something new.

Answer 83

Appeal to Tradition

Question 84

A fallacy which assumes that something new is automatically better than something old.

Answer 84

Appeal to Novelty

Question 85

The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as emotional appeal.

Answer 85

Pathos

Question 86

A speech that introduces the main speaker to the audience.

Answer 86

Speech of Introduction

Question 87

A speech that presents someone a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition.

Answer 87

Speech of Presentation

Question 88

A speech that gives thanks for a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition.

Answer 88

Acceptance Speech

Question 89

A speech that pays tribute to a person, a group of people, an institution, or an idea.

Answer 89

Commemorative Speech

Question 90

A group of two people.

Answer 90

Dyad

Question 91

A collection of three to twelve people who assemble for a specific purpose.

Answer 91

Small Group

Question 92

A small group formed to solve a particular problem.

Answer 92

Problem-Solving Small Group

Question 93

The ability to influence group members so as to help achieve the goals of the group.

Answer 93

Leadership

Question 94

A group member to whom other members defer because of her or his rank, expertise, or other quality.

Answer 94

Implied Leader

Question 95

A group member who emerges as a leader during the group's deliberations.

Answer 95

Emergent Leader

Question 96

A person who is elected or appointed as leader when the group is formed.

Answer 96

Designated Leader

Question 97

Routine "housekeeping" actions necessary for the efficient conduct of business in a small group.

Answer 97

Procedural Needs

Question 98

Substantive actions necessary to help a small group complete its assigned task.

Answer 98

Task needs

Question 99

Communicative actions necessary to maintain interpersonal relations in a small group.

Answer 99

Maintenance Needs

Question 100

A set of unstate individual goals that may conflict with the goals of the group as a whole.

Answer 100

Hidden Agenda

Question 101

A five-step method for directing discussion in a problem-solving small group.

Answer 101

Reflective-Thinking-Method

Question 102

A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.

Answer 102

Question of Policy

Question 103

Standards on which a judgment or decision can be based.

Answer 103

Criteria

Question 104

A method of generating ideas by free assocation of words and thought.

Answer 104

Brainstorming

Question 105

A group decision that is acceptable to all members of the group.

Answer 105

Consensus

Question 106

A speech presenting the findings, conslusions, or decisions of a small group.

Answer 106

Oral Report

Question 107

A public presentation in which several people present prepared speeches on different aspects of the same topic.

Answer 107

Symposium

Question 108

A structured conversation on a given topic among several people in front of an audience.

Answer 108

Panel Discussion