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Com 101 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation.

A

Audience-Centeredness

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2
Q

The Tendency of people to be concerned above all their own values, beliefs, and well-being.

A

Egocentrism

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3
Q

Audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, group membership, and racial, ethnic, or cultural background.

A

Demographic Audience Analysis

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4
Q

Creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike.

A

Stereotyping

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5
Q

Audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion.

A

situational Audience Analysis

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6
Q

A frame of mind in favor of or opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution, etc.

A

Attitude

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7
Q

Questions that offer a fixed choice between two or more alternatives.

A

Fixed-Alternative Questions

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8
Q

Questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers.

A

Scale Questions

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9
Q

Questions that allow respondents to answer however they want.

A

Open-Ended Questions

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10
Q

A listing of all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by the library.

A

Catalogue

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11
Q

A number used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves.

A

Call Number

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12
Q

A work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy access by researchers.

A

Reference Work

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13
Q

A research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of magazines, journals, and newspapers.

A

Newspaper and Periodical Database

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14
Q

A summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author.

A

Abstract

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15
Q

A database that catalogues articles from scholarly journals.

A

Academic Database

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16
Q

A search engine that combines internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data.

A

Virtual Library

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17
Q

An organization that, in the absence of a clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the internet.

A

Sponsoring Organization

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18
Q

An interview conducted to gather information for a speech.

A

Research Interview

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19
Q

A list compiled early in the research process of works that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic.

A

Preliminary Bibliography

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20
Q

The materials used to support a speaker’s ideas. Examples, statistics, and testimony.

A

Supporting Materials

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21
Q

A specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions experiences, or the like.

A

Examples

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22
Q

A specific case referred to in a passing to illustrate a point.

A

Brief Example

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23
Q

A story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.

A

Extended Example

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24
Q

An example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.

A

Hypothetical Example

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25
Q

The average value of a group of numbers.

A

Mean

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26
Q

The middle number in a group of numbers arranged from highest to lowest.

A

Median

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27
Q

The number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers.

A

Mode

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28
Q

Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point.

A

Testimony

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29
Q

Testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields.

A

Expert Testimony

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30
Q

Testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic

A

Peer Testimony

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31
Q

A visual aid used to show statistical trends and patterns.

A

Graph

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32
Q

A graph that uses one or more lines to show changes in statistics over time or space.

A

Line Graph

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33
Q

A graph that highlights segments of a circle to show simple distribution patterns.

A

Pie Graph

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34
Q

A graph that uses vertical or horizontal bars to show comparisons among two or more items.

A

Bar Graph

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35
Q

A visual aid that summarizes a large block of information, usually in list form.

A

Chart

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36
Q

A complete set of type of the same design.

A

Font

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37
Q

A speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding.

A

Informative Speech

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38
Q

Anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form.

A

Object

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39
Q

A systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product.

A

Process

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40
Q

Anything that happens or is regarded as happening.

A

Event

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41
Q

A belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like.

A

Concept

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42
Q

A statement that depicts a person, event, idea, or the like with clarity and vividness.

A

Description

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43
Q

A statement of the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.

A

Comparison

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44
Q

A statement of the differences among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.

A

Contrast

45
Q

To present one’s ideas in human terms that relate in some fashion to the experience of the audience.

A

Personalize

46
Q

The process of creating reinforcing, or changing people’s beliefs or actions.

A

Persuasion

47
Q

The mental give=and-take between speaker and listener during a persuasive speech.

A

Mental Dialogue with the audience

48
Q

The portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade.

A

Target Audience

49
Q

A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion.

A

Question of Fact

50
Q

A question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action.

A

Question of Value

51
Q

A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.

A

Question of Policy

52
Q

A persuasive speech in which the speaker’s goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of the policy.

A

Speech to Gain Passive Agreement

53
Q

A persuasive speech in which the speaker’s goal is to convince the audience to take action in support of a given policy.

A

Speech to Gain Immediate Action

54
Q

The first basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Is there a serious problem or need that requires a change from current policy?

A

Need

55
Q

The obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary.

A

Burden of Proof

56
Q

The second basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: If there is a problem with current policy, does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem?

A

Plan

57
Q

The third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Will the speaker’s plan solve the problem? Will it create new and more serious problems?

A

Practicality

58
Q

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.

A

Problem-Solution Order

59
Q

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which they first main point identifies a problem, the second main point analyzes the causes of the problem, and the third main point presents a solution to the problem.

A

Problem-Cause-Solution Order

60
Q

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which each main point explains why a speaker’s solution to a problem is preferable to other proposed solutions.

A

Comparative Advantages Order

61
Q

A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. The five steps of the motivated sequence are attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action.

A

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

62
Q

The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as credibility.

A

Ethos

63
Q

The audience’s perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.

A

Credibility

64
Q

The credibility of a speaker before she or he starts to speak.

A

Initial Credibility

65
Q

The credibility of a speaker produced by everything she or he says and does during the speech.

A

Derived Credibility

66
Q

The credibility of a speaker at the end of a speech.

A

Terminal Credibility

67
Q

A technique in which a speaker connects himself or herself with the values, attitudes, or experiences of the audience.

A

Creating Common Ground

68
Q

Supporting materials used to prove or disprove something.

A

Evidence

69
Q

The name used by Aristotle for the logical appeal of a speaker.

A

Logos

70
Q

The process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence.

A

Reasoning

71
Q

Reasoning that moves from particular facts to a general conclusion.

A

Reasoning from Specific Instances

72
Q

Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion.

A

Reasoning from Principle

73
Q

Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects

A

Causal Reasoning

74
Q

Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second.

A

Analogical Reasoning.

75
Q

An error in reasoning.

A

Fallacy

76
Q

A fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence.

A

Hasty Generalization

77
Q

An analogy in which the two cases being compared are not essentially alike.

A

Invalid Analogy

78
Q

A fallacy which assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable.

A

Bandwagon

79
Q

A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion.

A

Red Herring

80
Q

A fallacy that attack the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute.

A

Ad Hominem

81
Q

A fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist.

A

Eithor-Or

82
Q

A fallacy which assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented.

A

Slippery Slope

83
Q

A fallacy which assumes that something old is automatically better than something new.

A

Appeal to Tradition

84
Q

A fallacy which assumes that something new is automatically better than something old.

A

Appeal to Novelty

85
Q

The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as emotional appeal.

A

Pathos

86
Q

A speech that introduces the main speaker to the audience.

A

Speech of Introduction

87
Q

A speech that presents someone a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition.

A

Speech of Presentation

88
Q

A speech that gives thanks for a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition.

A

Acceptance Speech

89
Q

A speech that pays tribute to a person, a group of people, an institution, or an idea.

A

Commemorative Speech

90
Q

A group of two people.

A

Dyad

91
Q

A collection of three to twelve people who assemble for a specific purpose.

A

Small Group

92
Q

A small group formed to solve a particular problem.

A

Problem-Solving Small Group

93
Q

The ability to influence group members so as to help achieve the goals of the group.

A

Leadership

94
Q

A group member to whom other members defer because of her or his rank, expertise, or other quality.

A

Implied Leader

95
Q

A group member who emerges as a leader during the group’s deliberations.

A

Emergent Leader

96
Q

A person who is elected or appointed as leader when the group is formed.

A

Designated Leader

97
Q

Routine “housekeeping” actions necessary for the efficient conduct of business in a small group.

A

Procedural Needs

98
Q

Substantive actions necessary to help a small group complete its assigned task.

A

Task needs

99
Q

Communicative actions necessary to maintain interpersonal relations in a small group.

A

Maintenance Needs

100
Q

A set of unstate individual goals that may conflict with the goals of the group as a whole.

A

Hidden Agenda

101
Q

A five-step method for directing discussion in a problem-solving small group.

A

Reflective-Thinking-Method

102
Q

A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.

A

Question of Policy

103
Q

Standards on which a judgment or decision can be based.

A

Criteria

104
Q

A method of generating ideas by free assocation of words and thought.

A

Brainstorming

105
Q

A group decision that is acceptable to all members of the group.

A

Consensus

106
Q

A speech presenting the findings, conslusions, or decisions of a small group.

A

Oral Report

107
Q

A public presentation in which several people present prepared speeches on different aspects of the same topic.

A

Symposium

108
Q

A structured conversation on a given topic among several people in front of an audience.

A

Panel Discussion

Com 101 (9 decks)

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