Final Flashcards
Social Psych
People’s behavior in the presence of other people
Attitudes
3 components:
Affect (feel) - measured physiologically
Behavior (action)
Cognition (think) - self reported
Exs. Littering - more arrousal from images by those who do not litter
Attitude Formation
The facial feedback hypothesis - emotional experience is determined in part by feedback from facial expressions
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
An uncomfortable state that occurs when behavior and attidutes do not match
- You want your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to be consistent with one another
- If there is an inconsistency, you will feel an unpleasant state of arrousal
Ex. Doomsday Cult - when the world didn’t end, they changed their cognition to match their behavior
Boring Peg-Turning Experiment
Those compensated more for a boring task found themselves “sufficiently justified”, and thus felt no need to lie. Those undercompensated would feel bad if they lied, thus said it was interesting.
External Justification
A reason for dissonant personal behavior that resides outside the individual
Internal Justification
The reduction of dissonance by changing something about oneself
-less ext. just. = more attitude shifts
Fundamental Attribution Error
A tendancy to attribute others’ behavior to internal factors
Attribution Process
Internal/External … Dispositional/situational
Fundamental Attribution Error
Self-serving vias
Actor-observer effect
Misattribution of arrousal
The Schacter-Singer Theory
Arrousal + Cognition = Emotion
-Cognitive factors are important in the generation of emotion
3 A’s
Attitudes
Attraction
Altruism
Attraction
Attractiveness
Similarity
Proximity
Altruism
The belief or practice of selfless concern for the well-being of others
Why does the Bystander Effect occur?
Ambiguity Pluralistic Ignorance Fear of looking foolish Diffusion of responsibility High intervention costs
-Occurs less with friends, more with strangers
When will we help?
# of bystanders When someone else does Similarity Mood Time pressures
Why do we help?
Gaining rewards/avoiding punishment
-Social exchange
- Internal rewards
- -Guilt
- -Negative mood
Egotistic Model and Empathy-Altruism Model
Egotistic Model
Helping motivated by anticipated gain
Empathy-Altruism Model
Helping motivated by empathy
Deindividuation
Increased arrousal and reduced self-consciousness, inhibition, and personal responsibility that occurs in a group
Social Influence
Conformity - changing behavior because of group pressure (Sherif Studies)
- Autokinetic effect
- Reasons for conformity: normative social influence and informational social influence
Compliance - because of a request
- foot-in-the-door technique
- lowballing
- reciprocity norm
- Door-in-the-face technique
Obedience- because of an authority figure (Milgram Studies)
B=p/E
Behavior = personality/Environment
Abnormal Psychology
Patterns of emotion, thought, and action considered pathological
- lack of cultural acceptance
- statistically uncommon
- causes distress and dysfunction
Defining Mental Disorder
Personal Distress
Disability
Violation of Social Norms
Dysfunction
DSM
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- lists 20 categories
- covers 300+ disorders
- improved reliability and validity over time
Diagnosis based on 5 axes or dinensions
