Final

Question 1

Social Psych

Answer 1

People’s behavior in the presence of other people

Question 2

Attitudes

Answer 2

3 components:

Affect (feel) - measured physiologically
Behavior (action)
Cognition (think) - self reported

Exs. Littering - more arrousal from images by those who do not litter

Question 3

Attitude Formation

Answer 3

The facial feedback hypothesis - emotional experience is determined in part by feedback from facial expressions

Question 4

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Answer 4

An uncomfortable state that occurs when behavior and attidutes do not match

• You want your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to be consistent with one another
• If there is an inconsistency, you will feel an unpleasant state of arrousal

Ex. Doomsday Cult - when the world didn’t end, they changed their cognition to match their behavior

Question 5

Boring Peg-Turning Experiment

Answer 5

Those compensated more for a boring task found themselves “sufficiently justified”, and thus felt no need to lie. Those undercompensated would feel bad if they lied, thus said it was interesting.

Question 6

External Justification

Answer 6

A reason for dissonant personal behavior that resides outside the individual

Question 7

Internal Justification

Answer 7

The reduction of dissonance by changing something about oneself

-less ext. just. = more attitude shifts

Question 8

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 8

A tendancy to attribute others’ behavior to internal factors

Question 9

Attribution Process

Answer 9

Internal/External … Dispositional/situational

Fundamental Attribution Error

Self-serving vias

Actor-observer effect

Misattribution of arrousal

Question 10

The Schacter-Singer Theory

Answer 10

Arrousal + Cognition = Emotion

-Cognitive factors are important in the generation of emotion

Question 11

3 A’s

Answer 11

Attitudes

Attraction

Altruism

Question 12

Attraction

Answer 12

Attractiveness

Similarity

Proximity

Question 13

Altruism

Answer 13

The belief or practice of selfless concern for the well-being of others

Question 14

Why does the Bystander Effect occur?

Answer 14

Ambiguity
Pluralistic Ignorance
Fear of looking foolish
Diffusion of responsibility
High intervention costs

-Occurs less with friends, more with strangers

Question 15

When will we help?

Answer 15

# of bystanders
When someone else does
Similarity
Mood
Time pressures

Question 16

Why do we help?

Answer 16

Gaining rewards/avoiding punishment

-Social exchange

• Internal rewards
• -Guilt
• -Negative mood

Egotistic Model and Empathy-Altruism Model

Question 17

Egotistic Model

Answer 17

Helping motivated by anticipated gain

Question 18

Empathy-Altruism Model

Answer 18

Helping motivated by empathy

Question 19

Deindividuation

Answer 19

Increased arrousal and reduced self-consciousness, inhibition, and personal responsibility that occurs in a group

Question 20

Social Influence

Answer 20

Conformity - changing behavior because of group pressure (Sherif Studies)

• Autokinetic effect
• Reasons for conformity: normative social influence and informational social influence

Compliance - because of a request

• foot-in-the-door technique
• lowballing
• reciprocity norm
• Door-in-the-face technique

Obedience- because of an authority figure (Milgram Studies)

Question 21

B=p/E

Answer 21

Behavior = personality/Environment

Question 22

Abnormal Psychology

Answer 22

Patterns of emotion, thought, and action considered pathological

• lack of cultural acceptance
• statistically uncommon
• causes distress and dysfunction

Question 23

Defining Mental Disorder

Answer 23

Personal Distress
Disability
Violation of Social Norms
Dysfunction

Question 24

DSM

Answer 24

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

• lists 20 categories
• covers 300+ disorders
• improved reliability and validity over time

Diagnosis based on 5 axes or dinensions

Question 25

Axis of DSM

Answer 25

1: Clinical (Temp.)
2: Personality and Mental Retardation (Chronic)
3: General Medical Condition (pyhsical relavamt to psychological)
4: Psychosocial and Environmental
5: Global Assesment of Functioning

Question 26

Panic Disorder

Answer 26

Experience of unexpected panic attack
Anxiety about having a panic attack

Agoraphobia- fear of situations associated with panic

2: 1 female
3. 5% meet criteria

Medication: SSRI
High relapse rate

Psych/combined: Cog. Behavior Therapy
Combined works well in the short-term

Question 27

Lifetime baserate for anxiety and mood disorder

Answer 27

20%

Question 28

Mower’s two-factor model

Answer 28

Pairing of stimulus with aversive US leads to fear (classical)

Avoidance maintained through negative reinforcement (operant)

Question 29

GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder)

Answer 29

Uncontrollable anxious apprehension about life events

4% of people meer criteria
2:1 females

Tends to run in the family

“Do you worry excessively about minor things?”

Treatment: Benzodiazepines
Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Question 30

Social Phobias

Answer 30

Irrational fear/shyness in social performance situations

13% meet criteria
Slightly higher prevalence in females
Onset around Highschool

Causes:
Biological and evolutionary
Direct conditioning, observational learning

Psychological treatment:
Cog Behavior Therapy
-exposure, rehearsal, role-play
Medical treatment:
Tricyclics
SSRI
-high relapse rates

Question 31

OCD

Answer 31

Obsessions - Intrusive and nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges

Compulsions- Thoughts or actions to supress the thoughts and provide relief

Usually cleaning/washing or checking rituals

2.6% meet criteria
Chronic
Mostly females

Causes: early experiences and learning that some things are dangerous

Psychological treatment: Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Exposure and Response Prevention

Medical Treatment: SSRI
-high relapse rate

Question 32

Somataform Disorders

Answer 32

Physical problems without an organic cause

Question 33

Dissociation Disorders

Answer 33

Extreme distortions in perception or memory