Final Flashcards

1
Q

Social Psych

A

People’s behavior in the presence of other people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Attitudes

A

3 components:

Affect (feel) - measured physiologically
Behavior (action)
Cognition (think) - self reported

Exs. Littering - more arrousal from images by those who do not litter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Attitude Formation

A

The facial feedback hypothesis - emotional experience is determined in part by feedback from facial expressions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A

An uncomfortable state that occurs when behavior and attidutes do not match

  • You want your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to be consistent with one another
  • If there is an inconsistency, you will feel an unpleasant state of arrousal

Ex. Doomsday Cult - when the world didn’t end, they changed their cognition to match their behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Boring Peg-Turning Experiment

A

Those compensated more for a boring task found themselves “sufficiently justified”, and thus felt no need to lie. Those undercompensated would feel bad if they lied, thus said it was interesting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

External Justification

A

A reason for dissonant personal behavior that resides outside the individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Internal Justification

A

The reduction of dissonance by changing something about oneself

-less ext. just. = more attitude shifts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

A tendancy to attribute others’ behavior to internal factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Attribution Process

A

Internal/External … Dispositional/situational

Fundamental Attribution Error

Self-serving vias

Actor-observer effect

Misattribution of arrousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The Schacter-Singer Theory

A

Arrousal + Cognition = Emotion

-Cognitive factors are important in the generation of emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 A’s

A

Attitudes

Attraction

Altruism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Attraction

A

Attractiveness

Similarity

Proximity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Altruism

A

The belief or practice of selfless concern for the well-being of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why does the Bystander Effect occur?

A
Ambiguity
Pluralistic Ignorance
Fear of looking foolish
Diffusion of responsibility
High intervention costs

-Occurs less with friends, more with strangers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When will we help?

A
# of bystanders
When someone else does
Similarity
Mood
Time pressures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why do we help?

A

Gaining rewards/avoiding punishment

-Social exchange

  • Internal rewards
  • -Guilt
  • -Negative mood

Egotistic Model and Empathy-Altruism Model

17
Q

Egotistic Model

A

Helping motivated by anticipated gain

18
Q

Empathy-Altruism Model

A

Helping motivated by empathy

19
Q

Deindividuation

A

Increased arrousal and reduced self-consciousness, inhibition, and personal responsibility that occurs in a group

20
Q

Social Influence

A

Conformity - changing behavior because of group pressure (Sherif Studies)

  • Autokinetic effect
  • Reasons for conformity: normative social influence and informational social influence

Compliance - because of a request

  • foot-in-the-door technique
  • lowballing
  • reciprocity norm
  • Door-in-the-face technique

Obedience- because of an authority figure (Milgram Studies)

21
Q

B=p/E

A

Behavior = personality/Environment

22
Q

Abnormal Psychology

A

Patterns of emotion, thought, and action considered pathological

  • lack of cultural acceptance
  • statistically uncommon
  • causes distress and dysfunction
23
Q

Defining Mental Disorder

A

Personal Distress
Disability
Violation of Social Norms
Dysfunction

24
Q

DSM

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

  • lists 20 categories
  • covers 300+ disorders
  • improved reliability and validity over time

Diagnosis based on 5 axes or dinensions

25
Axis of DSM
1: Clinical (Temp.) 2: Personality and Mental Retardation (Chronic) 3: General Medical Condition (pyhsical relavamt to psychological) 4: Psychosocial and Environmental 5: Global Assesment of Functioning
26
Panic Disorder
Experience of unexpected panic attack Anxiety about having a panic attack Agoraphobia- fear of situations associated with panic 2: 1 female 3. 5% meet criteria Medication: SSRI High relapse rate Psych/combined: Cog. Behavior Therapy Combined works well in the short-term
27
Lifetime baserate for anxiety and mood disorder
20%
28
Mower's two-factor model
Pairing of stimulus with aversive US leads to fear (classical) Avoidance maintained through negative reinforcement (operant)
29
GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder)
Uncontrollable anxious apprehension about life events 4% of people meer criteria 2:1 females Tends to run in the family "Do you worry excessively about minor things?" Treatment: Benzodiazepines Cognitive Behavior Therapy
30
Social Phobias
Irrational fear/shyness in social performance situations 13% meet criteria Slightly higher prevalence in females Onset around Highschool Causes: Biological and evolutionary Direct conditioning, observational learning ``` Psychological treatment: Cog Behavior Therapy -exposure, rehearsal, role-play Medical treatment: Tricyclics SSRI -high relapse rates ```
31
OCD
Obsessions - Intrusive and nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges Compulsions- Thoughts or actions to supress the thoughts and provide relief Usually cleaning/washing or checking rituals 2.6% meet criteria Chronic Mostly females Causes: early experiences and learning that some things are dangerous Psychological treatment: Cognitive Behavior Therapy Exposure and Response Prevention Medical Treatment: SSRI -high relapse rate
32
Somataform Disorders
Physical problems without an organic cause
33
Dissociation Disorders
Extreme distortions in perception or memory