Final Flashcards
What are the different types of capsules?
- Gelatin
- Methyl cellulose (HPMC) [best to use in DPI]
- Calcium alginate
- DRcaps™ Gastro Resistant Capsules
What are the steps for gelatin manufacturing?
- Derived from skin or bone
- Acid or alkali treatment
- Extended treatment periods
- Filter
- Vacuum concentration
- Cool to solidify
- Air dry
- Mill to size
How can capsules be closed?
- welded with heated metal pin
- bonded with molten gelatin
- snap fit
- coni-snap
Properties of soft gelatin capsules
- Shells of gelatin, glycerin or sorbitol added to induce plasticity
- Oblong, elliptical or spherical shape
- Used to encapsulate liquids, suspensions, pastes or dry powders
- Must be prepared filled and sealed in one continuous operation
What are the ways in which you can manufacture soft gelatin capsules?
- plate process
- die process
What does the die process consists of?
- a process which to manufacture soft gelatin capsules
- rotary process
- reciprocating process
What is the plate process?
- a process which to manufacture soft gelatin capsules
- molds
What types of formula is suitable for soft gelatin capsules?
- Water immiscible, volatile and nonvolatile liquids
- Oily, non-volatile liquids
- Not suitable for low molecular weight compounds that can easily pass through the capsule
What are the different types of coating for coated tablets?
- Sugar
- Film (make tablet more sturdy)
- Gelatin
- Enteric
What are the types of specialized tablets?
- chewable
- effervescent
- CR, ER
- sublingual
- buccal
What are the essential ingredients for tablets?
- diluent
- binder
- lubricant
Why would any ingredient be essential to tablets?
give the formula specific characteristics needed to be compressed
What are the ingredients to give tablets desirable characteristics?
- disintegrant
- color
- flavor
- sweetening agent
What is the purpose of a glidant?
- needed for formulations with poor flow
- not needed if lubricant is enough for flow
- improves flow characteristics of powder mixture
Define diluent
inert substance added to increase bulk to make a tablet of practical size for compression, or to adjust its size
What are examples of diluent?
- lactose
- calcium phosphate
- microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel®)
There needs to be a compatibility test between diluent and active ingredient. Give an example of an incompatibility.
Calcium salts interfering with absorption of tetracycline in the GI tract
How can a diluent affect bioavailability?
water soluble diluents can increase bioavailability of drugs that have low solubility; can enhance dissolution
Define binder
glues ingredients together and helps with compression; improves powder flow-ability
What are examples of binders?
- starch (10-20% paste)
- gelatin (10-20% solution)
- acacia
- CMC
- PVP
What is the purpose of a lubricant?
generally hydrophobic; to prevent adhesion of the powder formulation to the surfaces of the dice and punches of tableting machine; improves rate of flow of granulate; should be added after granulation
What are examples of lubricant?
- talc (1-5%)
- magnesium stearate
Why does talc undergo testing?
it may contain metals
What happens if you add too much lubricant?
- your tablet may become waterproof and it will affect wetting of the tablet
- lead to poor tablet disintegration
- poor dissolution
- decreased solubility