Exam 4 Spring 2017 Flashcards
How do you apply semi-solid preparations?
topically
What are examples of non-medicated semi-solid preparations?
- emollient (moisturizer)
- skin protectant
What are the classifications of bases for semi-solids?
- oleaginous
- absorption
- water removable
- greaseless
other names for oleaginous bases
- hydrocarbon bases
- hydrophobic bases
oleaginous base properties
- highest occlusion properties
- most oily
- difficult to wash off skin
- difficult to incorporate aqueous agents
- immiscible with water
- used to protect skin and emollient effects
examples of oleaginous bases
- regular and white petrolatum
- yellow and white ointment
absorption base properties
- able to absorb aqueous solutions to give w/o emulsion
- used for emollient effects
- difficult to wash off skin
examples of absorption bases
- hydrophilic petrolatum
- lanolin (wool fat)
water removable base properties
- also known as water washable
- external phase has to be water; o/w phase
example of water removable bases
hydrophilic ointment
greaseless base properties
- water soluble
- good for incorporating solid compounds
- soften with addition of water
example of greaseless bases
PEG ointment
What does PEG stand for and what are its other names?
- Polyethylene glycol
- PEO (polyethylene oxide)
- POE (polyoxy ethylene)
What are the ways in which you can prepare ointments?
- incorporation method
- fusion method (melt)
What materials can you use for the incorporation method?
- pill tile
- parchment paper
- unguator
- mortar and pestle
What is an unguator?
- electronic mortar and pestle
- equipment that goes inside the ointment jar an into the machine consists of a shaft and a blade
Define levigation
triturating a powder in an insoluble solvent
What are examples of levigating agents?
- mineral oil for oil phases
- glycerin for water phases
What are the steps to the incorporation method?
- incorporate drug into absorption base
- incorporate absorption base into oleaginous base
What is one thing to note when mixing ingredients in the fusion method?
mix the excipients with the highest melting point first
What are products that you HAVE to use fusion method for?
- beeswax
- paraffin
- stearyl alcohol
- PEG with high molecular weight
What are things to consider when selecting the appropriate bases?
- release rate of drug from semi-solid
- desirability of topical or percutaneous drug absorption
- desirability of occulsion of moisture from the skin
- stability of drug in base
- contact time to skin
- which part of the body it’s being applied to
What are dosage forms of semi-solids?
- ointments
- creams
- gels
- pastes
What does the # following PEG indicate?
the average molecular weight