Final

Question 1

During their lifetimes, approximately ___ of Americans will experience some type of mental disorder.

Answer 1

half

Question 2

global assessment of functioning

Answer 2

numeric scale used by mental health clinicians and physicians to rate subjectively the social, occupational, and psychological functioning of an individual

Question 3

diathesis-stress model

Answer 3

disease is a result of stress

Question 4

brain structure implicated in OCD

Answer 4

basal ganglia

Question 5

human beings and monkeys are instinctively primed to fear things like snakes and spiders…what theory supports this?

Answer 5

preparedness theories

Question 6

symptoms associated with suicide

Answer 6

mental disorders
significant negative life events during childhood and adulthood
severe medical problems

Question 7

How does the avoidant personality type differ from the schizoid personality type?

Answer 7

avoidant: yearns for social contact
schizoid: prefers to be alone

Question 8

barriers to seeking treatment for a mental disorder

Answer 8

People may not realize that they have a mental disorder that could be effectively treated
Belief and circumstances that keep people from getting help: think they can handle it themselves, the problem isn’t that severe, treatment would be ineffective
Structural barriers: finding the right psychologist

Question 9

What did Sigmund Freud call a reluctance to cooperate with treatment for fear of confronting unpleasant unconscious material?

Answer 9

resistance

Question 10

collective unconscious (Carl Jung)

Answer 10

the part of the unconscious mind that is derived from ancestral memory and experience and is common to all humankind, as distinct from the individual unconscious

Question 11

systematic desensitization

Answer 11

a treatment for phobias in which the patient is exposed to progressively more anxiety-provoking stimuli and taught relaxation techniques

Question 12

ancient biological treatment for mental disorders, evidenced by holes in the skull

Answer 12

lobotomy

Question 13

In their interactions with clients, person-centered therapists are encouraged to demonstrate three basic qualities in order for growth to occur. What are the three?

Answer 13

assumes that all individuals have a tendency toward growth and this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions from the therapist
congruence (openness and honesty), empathy (understanding the client), unconditional positive regard (nonjudgemental, accepting)

Question 14

ancient biological treatment for mental disorders, evidenced by holes in the skull

Answer 14

trephining

Question 15

atypical antipsychotics work on both the dopamine and the ____ systems

Answer 15

serotonin

Question 16

antidepressants are commonly used to treat not only depression, but also…

Answer 16

bipolar disorder

Question 17

What treatment is sometimes used for severe depression when medication is not working?

Answer 17

omega-3 fatty acids
electroconvulsive therapy
transcranial magnetic stimulation
phototherapy
psychosurgery (surgical deconstruction of specific brain areas)

Question 18

why dissociative disorder replaced the term multiple personality disorder

Answer 18

???

Question 19

the behaviorism of John Watson (ch. 1)

Answer 19

focus on what people do rather than what they experience

Question 20

What is the best way to make it less likely that people will be influenced by demand characteristics? (ch. 2)

Answer 20

naturalistic observation

Question 21

a brain structure that plays a role in the regulation of activation, arousal, and sleep (ch. 3)

Answer 21

reticular formation

Question 22

the binding problem of perception (ch. 4)

Answer 22

features are linked together so we see unified objects in our visual world rather than free-floating or miscombined features

Question 23

the issue of how the mind is related to the brain and the body (ch. 5)

Answer 23

mind-body program

Question 24

the most effective form of elaborative rehearsal appears to be linking new information to… (ch. 6)

Answer 24

???

Question 25

the “positive” in positive reinforcement and positive punishment means that (ch. 7)

Answer 25

stimulus is added (negative means stimulus is taken away)

Question 26

cerebellum

Answer 26

fine motor skills

Question 27

a statistic that describes the proportion of the difference between people’s scores that can be explained by differences in their genetic material (ch. 10)

Answer 27

heritability coefficient

roughly .5

Question 28

Marital satisfaction is lowest when? (ch. 11)

Answer 28

when children are teenagers

just when children are at home in general

Question 29

Susan loved her new baby brother, but sometimes she secretly wished she were still the only child in the family. Which defense mechanisms would she be using if she snuggled him a little too roughly? (ch. 12)

Answer 29

displacement

Question 30

behavior by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit (ch. 13)

Answer 30

cooperation