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PSYCH 111 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Two dimensions of the mind

A

experience and agency

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2
Q

Four basic properties of consciousness

A

intentionality: being directed toward an object
unity: resistance to division
selectivity: capacity to include some objects but not others
transience: tendency to change

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3
Q

Rebound effect of thought suppression

A

tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression

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4
Q

night terror

A

abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal

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5
Q

manifest content of dreams

A

dream’s apparent topic or superficial meaning

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6
Q

latent content of dreams

A

dream’s true underlying meaning

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7
Q

psychological dependence

A

brain dependence…different from physical dependence

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8
Q

how amphetamines affect the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain

A

increase dopamine and norepinephrine

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9
Q

how hypnosis affects patients’ perception of pain

A

makes people think they feel less pain

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10
Q

which types of people are most susceptible to hypnosis

A

people that believe in it

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11
Q

daydreaming and then replaying in your “mind’s ear” the last words you heard…what is this process called?

A

echoic memory?

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12
Q

vividly remembering the day you turned 21

A

episodic memory

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13
Q

perceptual priming

A

enhanced identification of objects or words

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14
Q

According to Chomsky and others, the behaviorist theory of language cannot account for which aspect of language development?

A

making organic sentences?

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15
Q

seven sins associated with memory

A 
transience
absentmindedness
blocking
memory misattribution
suggestibility
bias
persistence
flashbulb memories
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16
Q

tendency to reconstruct the past according to what is believed or known today

A

consistency bias

17
Q

transience

A

forgetting what occurs over the passing of time

18
Q

reflexive reaction that is reliably elicited by an unconditioned stimulus

A

unconditioned response

19
Q

Accustomed to the sound of the old can opener, your cat still rushes to her food dish even when she hears the sound of the new can opener for the first time. Your cat is definitely smart; more than that, she is exhibiting:

A

generalization

20
Q

The radio DJ says “Sometime this hour, I’ll be giving away a pair of tickets to the Jonas Brothers concert to one lucky caller.” This is an example of what kind schedule?

A

intermittent reinforcement

21
Q

reinforcement schedule with the highest rate of response

A

intermittent reinforcement

22
Q

latent learning

A

something is learned but is not manifested as a behavioral change until sometime in the future

23
Q

The neurons in the pleasure centers of the brain, especially those in the nucleus accumbens, secrete _____, a neurotransmitter usually associated with positive emotions

A

dopamine

24
Q

flashbulb memories

A

shocking events

25
Q

Learning to drive a car is an example of ___ that becomes ____ over time

A

something something

26
Q

morpheme

A

the smallest meaningful units of language

27
Q

phoneme

A

smallest unit of sound that is recognizable as speech rather than random noise

28
Q

average child vocabulary by age 5

A

many aspects of the language acquisition process are complete?

29
Q

fast mapping

A

children can map a word onto an underlying concept after only a single exposure

30
Q

long-term potentiation

A

communication across the synapse between neurons strengthens the connection, making further communication easier

31
Q

damage to Wernicke’s area results in…

A

difficulty comprehending language

32
Q

family resemble theory of categorization

A

members of a category have features that appear to be characteristic of category members but may not be possessed by every member

33
Q

prototype theory of categorization

A

people make category judgments by comparing new instances to the category’s prototype

34
Q

echoic memory

A

fast-decaying store of auditory information

35
Q

well-defined rules that guarantee a solution to a problem

A

algorithm

36
Q

representative heuristic

A

making a probability judgment by comparing an object or event to a prototype of the object or event

37
Q

sunk cost fallacy

A

people make decisions about a current situation based on what they have previously invested in the situation

38
Q

first step in means-ends analysis

A

process of searching for the means or steps to reduce the differences between the current situation and the desired goal

39
Q

When we solve a problem by finding a similar problem with a known solution (and then apply it), we are engaged in ____

A

analogical problem solving

PSYCH 111 (4 decks)

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