Final Flashcards
domains of learning
cognitive, psychomotor, affective
domain of learning that encompasses intellectual skills of remembering
cognitive
domain of learning that refers to learning of motor skills and performance of behaviors or skills requiring coordination
psychomotor
domain of learning that requires a change in feelings, attitudes or beliefs
affective
learning-focused education for people of all ages
androgogy
style of learning that lets learnings know why something is important to learn, shows them how to direct themselves, relates topics to learner’s experiences, realizes that people will not learn until they are ready
androgogy
theory of learning designed to predict the likelihood of a person following a recommended action and understanding the person’s motivation and decision making regarding seeking health services
health belief model
theory of learning that believes if a person believes they are capable of performing a behavior & it is wortrh it they are morelikely to perform it
social learning theory
objectives need to be:
specific, measurable and attainable
focus documentation of client teaching on:
client outcomes
include these aspects in client education documentation:
assessments/reassessments nursing diagnoses, needs, priorities interventions responses client's ability to continue
Letting learners know why something is important to learn
Showing learners how to direct themselves through information
Relating the topic to the learner’s experiences
Realizing that people will not learn until they are ready and motivated
androgogy
Person’s perception of the severity of the illness
Person’s perception of susceptibility to illness and its consequences
Value of treatment benefits
Barriers to treatment
Costs of treatment in physical and emotional terms
Cues that stimulate taking action towards treatment of illness
health belief model
Performance accomplishments
Vicarious experience or modeling
Verbal persuasion
Interpretation of physiologic state
social learning theory
- Ability to think in a systematic and logical manner.
- Openness to looking at question.
- Reflect on reasoning process used to ensure safe nursing practice and quality care.
critical thinking
- Problem solving activity beginning with assessment and nursing diagnosis.
- Proceeds with planning and implement nursing interventions directed towards the resolution of the diagnosed problems and culminating in the evaluation of the effectiveness of the interventions.
clinical judgment
clearly articulates the science, art and caring ethic.
social moral action
- Steps to attain cultural competence:
1. Adopt attitudes to promote transcultural nursing care
2. Develop awareness for cultural differences
3. Perform a cultural assessment
leninger’s cultural care theory
emotional part of the personality
Id
provides a senses of identity separate from others and promotes the ability of the child to function as an individual
ego
helps to regulate behavior through cognitive development learning about rules and the needs of others
superego
Conscientious, exlicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients”
EBP
Rules and regulations created by US congress, state legislators, local governments, and constitutional law.
statutory law
further regulations that develop the law and establish procedures for administering the law
administrative law
examples of administrative law
state nurse practice act
the state nurse practice act establishes:
scope of practice
acts that result in harm to another person (mental or physical injury)
tort
threat to harm
assault
harming another person without consent
battery
example in nurse of assault
performing procedure without consent
example in nursing of battery
chemical restraints, force bath
failure of the professional to use such case as a reasonably prudent member of the profession would use under similar circumstances, which leads to harm
malpractice
failure to act as a reasonably prudent person would have acted in a specific situation.
negligence
4 elements of negligence
- Duty to the patient
- Breach of the duty
- There was harm due to the breach
- Patient is acting on the harm
obtaining informed consent is the ____ job
doctor’s
5 rights of delegation
- Right task
- Right circumstances
- Right person
- Right direction/communication: tell them what to expect, when to stop
- Right supervision/evaluation
The “if-then” imperatives which are conditional.
hypothetical imperatives
• Addressing social injustices and advocating for as opposed to with individuals, groups, and the nursing profession.
nightingale advocacy
• Relational worldview that includes human-to-human relationships, as well as human-to-environment relationships
watsons advocacy
esses the physical, psychological, social, emotional, and spiritual needs of patients.
• Nurses must identify and meet these needs to provide individualized care.
• Nurses must account for cultural differences in their care plans.
holistic care
describes the effect of another’s behavior on us
feedback
a vehicle for change and also creates a lens through which we can understand organizations and change.
complexity science
o Pros:
UAPs can carry out some functions
Allows tasks to be carried out that require several persons
Team nursing
o Cons:
If communication skills are inadequate- the holistic view of the patient might be fragmented
UAPs and LPNs might feel resentment towards RN
team nursing
o Pros:
RN provides holistic continuous care
Continuity of communication from clients to other HC team members
Nuse has total accountability for the shift
total patient care
con: not cost effective
total patient care
o Professional nuse is responsible for initiating and updating the plan of care, care map, or clinical pathway that is used to guide and evaluate client care.
case management
provides a time frame for expected outcomes of care
clinical pathway
involves o Links to key elements of the org.’s strategic plan
o Quality council team
o Training programs
o Mechanisms for selection of improvement
o Formation of process improvement teams
o Staff support
o Policies that motivate and support staff participation
o Application of techniques
continuous quality improvement
Discovered an effective method of vaccination against the dreaded smallpox virus.
edward jenner
a physician who set out to decrease the mortality resulting from infection after surgery.
lister
known for his research on anthrax, is regarded as the father of microbiology.
koch
proved the germ theory
klebs
founded the sisters of charity in France, an order of nuns who traveled from home to home visiting the sick. These nurses functioned as the first organized visiting nurse service, making home visits and caring for the sick in their homes.
saint vincent de paul
Human interactions: providing care that is respectful to individual patients
Supports caring, kindness and respect in interactions
Family, friends and social support
No defined visiting hours
Partnering with patients in designating and creating the healthcare organizations of their choice
planetree model
why practice patient centered care?
Patient empowerment Family involvement Holistic care Improved communication Caregiver-centered institution Reduces unneeded and unwanted services
Process by which the leader raises the aspirations and motivations of others to higher levels by appealing to ideals and values.
transformational leadership
5s and areas of waste
sort set shine standardize sustain
a. Micro-System influences:
i. Setting of care
ii. Individual patient
iii. Patient preferences
iv. Cultural or spiritual influences
v. Disease process
macro system influences
i. Setting of care
ii. Family or community
iii. Legislation and regulation
iv. Insurance
v. Cultural or spiritual influences
a. “A specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice” (ANA)
informatics
evaluate websites for:
accuracy, authority or source, objectivity, currency or timeliness, coverage or quality, intended purpose, usability
a dynamic updating of visual, proprioceptive and graviceptive information to control posture
sensory reweighting
nutritional deficiencies associated with high risk of falls
protein, vitamin D
importance of low impact exercise in older adults
maintain muscle strength, increase immunological function, reduce pain/depression, increases self-reliance
age group needing the most amount of sleep & how much
newborns/infants (13 hours)
average adult needs how many hours of sleep each night
6-8.5
after age 75 how many hours of sleep are needed
6-7
4 stages of NREM
1 & 2: lighter sleep
3: deeper sleep
4: deepest & most resorative
when does REM sleep occur?
between stages 2-1 of NREM
what tells us we need to go to sleep?
circadian rhythm
circadian rhythem is controlled by what part of the brain?
suprachasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus
The ____ sends light signals to the SCN, signaling the internal clock that it is time to be awake.
optic nerve
____ production secreted during NREM Stage 4 sleep aids in protein synthesis, tissue repair, bone growth, and RBC production
growth hormone
reason for living in time and space
spirituality
Ability to perceive inherent wealth and utility in abstract or tangible phenomena
value of spirituality
extending beyond the time and scale of human life
transcendence
what is spirituality? (5 words)
meaning, value, transcendence, connecting, becoming
holistic care is recognition of the ___ of the individual
personhood
T/F Cultural associations with spirituality may not be in congruence with nursing ethics
True
