Chapter 4

Question 1

the study of ideal human behavior and ideal ways of being

Answer 1

ethics

Question 2

a systematic approach to understanding, analyzing, and distinguishing matters of right and wrong, good and bad, and admirable and deplorable as they exist along a continuum.

Answer 2

ethics

Question 3

specific beliefs, behaviors, and ways of being based on personal judgments derived from one’s ethics

Answer 3

morals

Question 4

a specific domain of ethics that is focused on moral issues in the field of health care

Answer 4

bioethics

Question 5

making decisions about how humans ought to be and act

Answer 5

moral reasoning

Question 6

an excellence of intellect or character

Answer 6

virtue

Question 7

involves knowing what is what and transforming that knowledge into well reasoned decisions

Answer 7

prudence

Question 8

pertains to knowing the values of the nursing profession and one’s own authentic moral values

Answer 8

wholeness of character

Question 9

an important feature of wholeness of chracter; acting consistently with personal values and values of the profession

Answer 9

integrity

Question 10

intrinsic, inherent & dwells within all humans, with all humans being ascribed this moral worth

Answer 10

basic dignity

Question 11

evaluative nature, socially constructed concept that fluctuates in value

Answer 11

personal dignity

Question 12

Idea of _____ is that when people are faced with complex moral dilemmas or situations,t hey will choose the right course of action because doing the right thing comes from a virtuous person’s basic character

Answer 12

virtue ethics

Question 13

The rightness of actions is self-evident from the laws of nature

Answer 13

natural law theory

Question 14

actions that are duty based

Answer 14

deontology

Question 15

distinguished between 2 types of duties hypothetical imperatives & categorical imperatives

Answer 15

Kant

Question 16

duties that people ought to observe if certain ends are to be achieved.

Answer 16

hypothetical imperatives

Question 17

if action is performed, one would wish that it becomes a universal law

Answer 17

categorical imperatives

Question 18

promoting the greatest good in any given situation (best for the group)

Answer 18

utilitarianism

Question 19

personal relationships and relationship responsibilities are emphasized (concern of individual)

Answer 19

ethic of care

Question 20

involves using a set of ethical principles that is drawn from the common or widely shared conception of morality

Answer 20

ethical principalism

Question 21

4 principles of bioethics

Answer 21

autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice

Question 22

one’s ability to self-rule and to generate personal decisions independently

Answer 22

autonomy

Question 23

deeds of mercy, kindness, and charity

Answer 23

beneficence

Question 24

The deliberate overriding of a patient’s autonomy

Answer 24

paternalism

Question 25

Do no harm

Answer 25

non-maleficence

Question 26

foundation of a duty-based framework of moral reasoning

Answer 26

justice

Question 27

refers to the fair distribution of benefits and burdens

Answer 27

justice

Question 28

A situation in which an individual is compelled to make a choice between two actions that can be reasonably justified as being good

Answer 28

ethical dilemma

Question 29

Four topics method for analysis in clinical ethics cases

Answer 29

medical indications, patient preferences, quality of life, contextual features