Chapter 4 Flashcards
the study of ideal human behavior and ideal ways of being
ethics
a systematic approach to understanding, analyzing, and distinguishing matters of right and wrong, good and bad, and admirable and deplorable as they exist along a continuum.
ethics
specific beliefs, behaviors, and ways of being based on personal judgments derived from one’s ethics
morals
a specific domain of ethics that is focused on moral issues in the field of health care
bioethics
making decisions about how humans ought to be and act
moral reasoning
an excellence of intellect or character
virtue
involves knowing what is what and transforming that knowledge into well reasoned decisions
prudence
pertains to knowing the values of the nursing profession and one’s own authentic moral values
wholeness of character
an important feature of wholeness of chracter; acting consistently with personal values and values of the profession
integrity
intrinsic, inherent & dwells within all humans, with all humans being ascribed this moral worth
basic dignity
evaluative nature, socially constructed concept that fluctuates in value
personal dignity
Idea of _____ is that when people are faced with complex moral dilemmas or situations,t hey will choose the right course of action because doing the right thing comes from a virtuous person’s basic character
virtue ethics
The rightness of actions is self-evident from the laws of nature
natural law theory
actions that are duty based
deontology
distinguished between 2 types of duties hypothetical imperatives & categorical imperatives
Kant
duties that people ought to observe if certain ends are to be achieved.
hypothetical imperatives
if action is performed, one would wish that it becomes a universal law
categorical imperatives
promoting the greatest good in any given situation (best for the group)
utilitarianism
personal relationships and relationship responsibilities are emphasized (concern of individual)
ethic of care
involves using a set of ethical principles that is drawn from the common or widely shared conception of morality
ethical principalism
4 principles of bioethics
autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice
one’s ability to self-rule and to generate personal decisions independently
autonomy
deeds of mercy, kindness, and charity
beneficence
The deliberate overriding of a patient’s autonomy
paternalism
Do no harm
non-maleficence
foundation of a duty-based framework of moral reasoning
justice
refers to the fair distribution of benefits and burdens
justice
A situation in which an individual is compelled to make a choice between two actions that can be reasonably justified as being good
ethical dilemma
Four topics method for analysis in clinical ethics cases
medical indications, patient preferences, quality of life, contextual features
