Final 4

Question 1

What two cycles do glaciers belong to?

Answer 1

Hydrologic, and rock

Question 2

Two types of glaciers.

Answer 2

Valley and Ice sheets

Question 3

Where do crevices form?

Answer 3

in the uppermost brittle ice

Question 4

Zone of Accumulation:

Answer 4

Area where glaciers form.

Question 5

Zone of Wastage:

Answer 5

Area where there is a net loss due to melting.

Question 6

Snowline or Equilibrium line:

Answer 6

Flow of the glacier

Question 7

What is meant by PLUCKING with respect to an alpine glacier?

Answer 7

Lifting of rock blocks

Question 8

Two types of abrasion from a glacier.

Answer 8

Rock flour and striations.

Question 9

Two types of glacial drift.

Answer 9

Till and stratified drift.

Question 10

Four types of moraines produced by glaciers.

Answer 10

Lateral. Medial. End. and Ground.

Question 11

Kettle:

Answer 11

A hole carved out by a glacier.

Question 12

Esker:

Answer 12

Ridges of sediment left by a glacier.

Question 13

How long ago was the ice age?

Answer 13

2-3 million years ago

Question 14

How much land surface was covered?

Answer 14

30%

Question 15

Four effects of ice age glaciers.

Answer 15

Migrations of animals and plants. Rebounding upward crust. Worldwide change in sea level. Climate changes.

Question 16

Cause of deserts.

Answer 16

Water deficiency

Question 17

Ephemeral Stream:

Answer 17

A stream that usually dry, because it only carries water during rainfall.

Question 18

What does the most erosional work in the desert?

Answer 18

Water

Question 19

Products of interior drainage in the basin and range landscape.

Answer 19

Alluvial Fans, Bajadas, Playas, and Playa lake

Question 20

Two effects of wind erosion.

Answer 20

Blow outs, and desert pavement

Question 21

What is the effect of deflation?

Answer 21

Lifting of loose material

Question 22

What is Loess?

Answer 22

Deposits of wind blown silt.

Question 23

Surface currents in the ocean develop from friction between___

Answer 23

ocean and wind that blows across the surface.

Question 24

Gyre:

Answer 24

Huge, slow moving currents in the ocean.

Question 25

5 Main Gyres

Answer 25

North Pacific Gyre, South Pacific gyre, North Atlantic Gyre, South Atlantic Gyre, and the Indian Ocean Gyre

Question 26

Warm currents transfer heat from low altitudes to ____ Latitudes.

Answer 26

Higher

Question 27

Deep ocean circulation is a response to density differences in the water. Two factors are?

Answer 27

Temperature - Cold water is dense. Salinity - Density increases with increasing salinity.

Question 28

Wave height, wave length, and wave period depend on three factors.

Answer 28

Wind Speed, Length of time that wind blows, and Fetch - the distance the wind travels.

Question 29

How far down in a wave do water particles move in a circular motion?

Answer 29

1/2 a wavelength

Question 30

Wave erosion is caused by____ and _____.

Answer 30

Wave impact. pressure.

Question 31

The current in the surf zone that parallels the beach is called___

Answer 31

Long shore current.

Question 32

Describe groin on the Sea shoreline:

Answer 32

Barrels built at right angles to the beach, that are designed to trap sand.

Question 33

Beach Nourishment Process:

Answer 33

Adding sand to the beach system

Question 34

What can cause an Emergent coast?

Answer 34

Uplift of land, and drop in sea level.

Question 35

What can cause a Submergent Coast?

Answer 35

Land adjacent to sea subsides, and sea level rises.

Question 36

Spring tide:

Answer 36

During a Full and New Moon.

Question 37

Neap Tides:

Answer 37

1st and 3rd Quarters

Question 38

Two types of tidal currents:

Answer 38

Flood Current (Advances into the coastal zone), Ebb Current (Seaward moving water)

Question 39

Surface of the Earth:

Answer 39

Ocean about 71%. Land about 29%

Question 40

Northern Hemisphere is the___

Answer 40

Land Hemisphere

Question 41

Southern Hemisphere is the___

Answer 41

Water Hemisphere

Question 42

Four main ocean basins.

Answer 42

Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic, and Indian

Question 43

Bathymetry:

Answer 43

The measurement of ocean depths and topography.

Question 44

Echo Sounder:

Answer 44

Invented in 1920, and measure depth by reflecting sound.

Question 45

Depth =

Answer 45

Reflected signal /2 (Times speed of sound in water)

Question 46

Three other mapping instruments are___

Answer 46

Sidescan Sonar, Multibeam Sonar, and Satellite Altemeter,

Question 47

Three major topographic units on the ocean floor are___

Answer 47

Continental Margins, Ocean Basin Floor, and Mid-ocean ridge

Question 48

Passive continental margins:

Answer 48

Found: coastal areas that surround Atlantic. Properties: not associated with plate boundaries. Experience little volcanoes and few earthquakes.

Question 49

Active Continental Margin:

Answer 49

Found: Pacific Ocean. Properties: descends abruptly into deep-ocean trench. Deep-ocean trenches, Abyssal plains, Seamounts, and Guyots

Question 50

Mid-Ocean Ridge

Answer 50

Found: All Oceans. Properties: 43,000 miles in length, 23% of earths surface. Longest topographic feature on earths surface.

Question 51

Two types of seafloor sediments:

Answer 51

Terrigenous, and Biogneous

Question 52

Four kinds of hydrogenous sediments that crystallize directly from sea water:

Answer 52

Manganese Nodules, Calcium Carbonates, Metal Sulfides, and Evaporites

Question 53

Where on the sea floor does very little sediment accumulate?

Answer 53

The Pacific