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Earth Science > Final 3 > Flashcards

Final 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Approximately how much of the Earth is covered in water?

A

71%

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2
Q

Which hemisphere is known as the “Land Hemisphere”?

A

North Hemisphere

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3
Q

Which ocean is the largest?

A

Pacific

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4
Q

What is the maximum amount of water in the air normally? Up to__%

A

4

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5
Q

“Frontal wedging” in the atmosphere occurs on the plains when___

A

warm and cold air collide creating a front and warm air is forced upward.

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6
Q

The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is___

A

Nitrogen

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7
Q

Processes in which dust in the atmosphere is involved.

A

Reflection of solar energy. Optical phenomena such as red sky at sunset. Condensation and cloud formation.

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8
Q

50% of the gases making up the atmosphere are found below___

A

3 1/2mile (5.6km)

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9
Q

Earth receives energy from the sun in what way?

A

Radiation

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10
Q

The two most important heat-absorbing gases in the lower atmosphere are__

A

Water Vapor and Carbon Dioxide

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11
Q

A wintertime form of precipitation that consist of small ice particles is called__

A

Sleet

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12
Q

What is the water equivalent of snow accumulation?

A

10 inches of snow equals 1 inch of water

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13
Q

Which would NOT be associated with stable atmospheric conditions? 1. Widespread fog 2. Temperature inversion 3. Dreary overcast with light drizzle. 4 Afternoon Thunderstorms.

A
  1. Afternoon Thunderstorms
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14
Q

Deserts such as the Death Valley region of the US are examples of___

A

Rain shadow deserts

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15
Q

The change from gas to liquid is___

A

Condensation

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16
Q

To change water to gas, latent heat of vaporization must be absorbed by the water. This does not change the temperature, only the physical state. The amount of energy needed to change water to gas is___

A

600 calories

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17
Q

The term used to describe the convection of a solid directly to a gas, without passing through the liquid state.

A

Sublimation

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18
Q

The weight of a column of air above the surface at sea level is about___

A

14.7 lbs per square inch

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19
Q

The standard sea level pressure in inches of mercury is___

A

29.92 inches

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20
Q

The Mercurial barometer was invented by__

A

Torricelli

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21
Q

The force that generates wind is__

A

Pressure gradient force

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22
Q

Lines on a weather map connecting places of equal air pressure are called___

A

Isobars

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23
Q

Closely spaced isobars often indicate___

A

Strong winds

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24
Q

Widely spaced isobars often indicate___

A

Light winds

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25
Q

Upper air winds are__

A

generally faster than surface winds

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26
Q

Global wind and pressure patterns associated with low-pressure regions tend to have___

A

Ascending air. Convergent winds. and Ample precipitation.

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27
Q

Most of the US is situated in which zone of prevailing winds?

A

Westerlies

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28
Q

What is a Gyre?

A

A huge circular moving current that dominates the surface of the ocean.

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29
Q

What is the size of a typical raindrop?

A

2mm

30
Q

The type of fog that forms as warm air moves over a cool surface is called___

A

Advection fog

31
Q

An air mass from the Gulf of Mexico is labeled___

A

mT

32
Q

On a weather map, ___ fronts are shown with a line with triangular points on one side.

A

Cold Front

33
Q

The geologic term for flat-topped volcanic structures located on the floor of the deep ocean basin is a___

A

Guyot

34
Q

Large air masses moving form the Gulf of Mexico into the central USA would be coded as___

A

mT

35
Q

Properties of a large air mass.

A

1000 mi or more across. Similar temperatures at any given altitude. Similar moisture at any given altitude.

36
Q

MOHS hardness mineral with a hardness of 3___

A

Calcite

37
Q

The ion at the center of a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron is surrounded by___

A

Four oxygen ions

38
Q

Obsidian exhibits a ___ texture.

A

Glassy

39
Q

What property describes light reflecting off a mineral?

A

Luster

40
Q

The tropopause is the boundary between ___ and ___.

A

Troposphere and stratosphere.

41
Q

ozone is concentrated in the__

A

Stratosphere

42
Q

The longest wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum are__

A

Radio

43
Q

On average, how much of the sun’s energy that is intercepted by the earth is reflected back to space?

A

30%

44
Q

The high cloud form that is best described as wispy sheets or thin layers that cover much or all of the sky(high, thin, and white) is termed___

A

Cirrus

45
Q

The cloud form that consists of globular cloud masses that take on a billowy or “cauliflowerlike” structure and is associated with fair weather is called___

A

Cumulus

46
Q

Thunder and lightning are associated with these clouds.

A

Cumulonimbus

47
Q

This cloud may develop an “anvil head.”

A

Cumulonimbus

48
Q

2 major gases.

A

Oxygen 21% and Nitrogen 78%

49
Q

Tropsphere

A

Bottom layer (where we live) 3.5°f per 1000ft

50
Q

Stratosphere

A

ABout 12-50 km

51
Q

Mesosphere

A

about 50-80km

52
Q

Thermosphere

A

No defined upper limit, gases moving at high speed.

53
Q

Summer solstice

A

June 21-22

54
Q

Winter solstice

A

December 21-22

55
Q

Heat is measured in calories.

A

One calorie is defined as the heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Celcius.

56
Q

Latent heat is also called __ or __ heat.

A

Stored and hidden

57
Q

solid to liquid

A

80 calories

58
Q

Liquid to gas

A

600 calories

59
Q

Solid straight to gas (sublime)

A

680 calories

60
Q

Air Masses: P, T, c, m

A

Polar - High altitudes, and cold.
Tropical - Low altitudes, and warm.
continental - Form over land, Dry.
maritime - Form over water, humid

61
Q

What two cycles do glaciers belong to?

A

Hydrologic and rock

62
Q

Two types of Glaciers.

A

Valley and ice sheets

63
Q

Where do crevices form?

A

Uppermost brittle ice.

64
Q

Zone of accumulation.

A

The area where glaciers form.

65
Q

Zone of wastage.

A

Are where there is net loss due to melting.

66
Q

Four types of moraines produced by glaciers.

A

Lateral, Medial, End, and Ground

67
Q

Kettle:

A

A hole carved out by a glacier

68
Q

Esker:

A

Ridges of sediment left by glacier

69
Q

How long ago did the ice age start?

A

2-3 million years ago

70
Q

Products of interior drainage in the basin and range landscape.

A

Alluvial Fans, Bajadas, Playas, Playa lake

71
Q

Loess:

A

Deposit of windblown silt

72
Q

What does the most erosional work in the desert?

A

Running water

Earth Science (4 decks)

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