Final Flashcards
Heat powers all the natural systems (tectonic rock cycle and hydrologic cycle) functioning on earth. The ENTIRE source of heat energy that powers ALL of these systems include___
The Sun and the heat from earths interior.
Shields and stable interior platforms area are typically found in__
The interior regions of a continent
One of the discoveries about planet orbits, which led to the modern view of the solar system, was that the orbits of the planets are__
Ellipses
Man has grouped stars into constellations. Today, what is the number of accepted star constellations?
88
The first MODERN ASTRONOMER to propose a sun-centered (Heliocentric) universe was__
Nicolaus Comericus
All of the following are possible steps of scientific investigation
- The collection of scientific facts through observation and measurment. 2.The development of 1 or more working hypotheses ot models to explain facts. 3. Development of observations and experiments to test the hypotheses.
The explanation of how our solar system probably formed from a giant cloud of gas and dispersed solid particles is called the__
Nebular Theory
The four interacting spheres of the earth that all the geologist speak of are the__
Biosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, and Geosphere
In correct order, list the layers from the center of the earth by chemical composition outward to the surface.
Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
The composition of the earth’s inner core is thought to be composed of__
Solid iron-nickel
Of the layers of earth according to composition, the thinnest layer of the earth is the___
Crust
The relativley cool, brittle tectonic plates are made up of the crust and the upper brittle (hard) mantle. These two units together are called the___
Lithosphere
Which energy source is thought to drive the lateral motions of the earth’s plates in the plate tectonic movement?
Export of heat from deep in the mantle to the top of the athenosphere (Convection)
The most prominent and largest features (also longest) on the ocean floor are__
Oceanic ridges
This scientist determined the nature of the forces that kept the planets in their orbits called the law of universal gravitation__
Sir Isaac Newton
This scientist was the first to use the telescope in astronomy and who also noted topography on the moon__
Galileo Galilei
Three laws of planetary motion (Indicating elliptical orbits) were discovered by__
Johannes Kepler
In the Ptolemaic (early Greek) model of the universe__
Earth was in the center of the solar system.
The apparent westward “drift” of the planets compared to the background star is called__
Retrograde Motion
The average distance from earth to the sun (93 Million miles) is called the__
Astronomical Unit
The position of the sun, earth, and moon during a solar eclipse__
Earth - Moon - Sun
Pluto is now classified as a ___ in our solar system
Dwarf planet
The meteorite thought to be analogous in composition to the earth core is___
Iron
Compared to Earths atmosphere, the atmosphere of Mars has surface pressures that are___
0.1 times those of Earth; major gases are water vapor and carbon dioxide.
This planet has the great, dark red spot on its surface.
Jupiter
Which condition is NOT found on Mars?
H2O-rich atmosphere
The surface features of this terrestrial planet are known only through satellite radar mapping.
Venus
The largest known volcano in the solar system is___
Olympus Mons on Mars
Jupiter is the largest planet in our Solar system. How massive is it compared to all the other planets?
2.5 times more massive than all other planets, satellites, and asteroids combined.
Vast, circular to elliptical dark-colored, smooth areas of the moon are known as___
Lunar Maria
Which of the following is NOT considered a form of electromagnetic radiation A. Radio waves B. Gravity C. Gamma Waves D. Visible Light E. X-Rays
Gravity
The type of spectrum created by an ordinary light bulb is___
Continuous spectrum
To determine whether a celestial body is approaching or receding from Earth, astronomers employ____ applied to light waves.
The Doppler Principle
The first person to use a telescope for astronomical observations was___
Galileo
What is NOT and advantage that radio telescopes have over optical telescopes?
They have better resolution
The Greeks charted 7 wanderers that moved across the sky. Select the body from the list that was NOT one of the 7 Wonderers. A. Mars B. Jupiter C. Uranus D. Venus
Uranus
The sun’s normal surface has a grainy texture produced by numerous bright dot-like markings called__
Granules or granulations of the surface.
Streams of protons and electrons emitted form the sun and traveling outward away from the sun produce what is called___
The Solar Wind
Select the planet that is NOT a Jovian planet. A. Neptune B. Saturn C. Venus D. Uranus
Venus
Silicon is a common element in many of Earth’s minerals. What is its Atomic Number?
14
Borons Atomic Number symbol is B, what is its Atomic Number?
5
Copper has the Atomic Symbol Cu. How many protons are in the Nucleus of every copper atom.
29
Helium, Neon, and Argon are noble gases. They do not combine with other elements because___
They have a complete octet of electrons in the outer electronic ball.
What is the lowest estimated crystallization temp for granite?
600°c
The age of the Earth is___
4.6 Billion years old
Nebular Theory
About 5 billion years ago a giant rotating cloud consisting primarily of Hydrogen and Helium started to compact into a flat disk shape with a protosun in the middle. Inner planet formed rocky/metallic clumps, and out planets formed with fragments mostly of ice.
Atmosphere
One half lies below 3.5 miles
4 Bonds
Ionic, Covalent, Metallic, and Van Der Waals
Mohs Hardness scale.
Talc, Gypsum, Calcite, Fluorite, Apatite, Orthoclase, Quartz, Topaz, Corundum, Diamond
Geocentric Theory
Earth is the center of the universe.
Nicolaus Copernicus. Tycho Brahe. Johannes Kepler. Galileo Galilei. Sir Isaac Newton.
Earth as a planet, sun centered universe. -Precise observer, discounted Copernicus System. - Planets revolve around sun, Law of equal areas. - Constructed the telescope. - Law of universal gravitation.
Astronomical Unit
1 AU is the distance between the earth and the sun. 150 Million Km or 93 Million Mi.
Lunar Eclipse
Moon - Earth - Sun
Terrestrial Planets
Mercury. Venus. Earth. Mars.
Jovian Planets
Jupiter. Saturn. Uranus. Neptune.
How old is the moon.
4.5 Billion years.
What kind of atmosphere does Venues have?
97% Carbon dioxide.
Two Martian Moons
Phobos, and Deimos
Who discovered Saturn’s rings?
Galileo in 1610
4 major categories for meteorites.
IRONS- mostly iron, 5-20% nickel. STONY- Silicate minerals, inclusion of other minerals. STONY-IRONS- Mixtures. CARBONACEOUS CHRONDITES- rare, simple amino acids and other organic materials.
