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Earth Science > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Heat powers all the natural systems (tectonic rock cycle and hydrologic cycle) functioning on earth. The ENTIRE source of heat energy that powers ALL of these systems include___

A

The Sun and the heat from earths interior.

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2
Q

Shields and stable interior platforms area are typically found in__

A

The interior regions of a continent

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3
Q

One of the discoveries about planet orbits, which led to the modern view of the solar system, was that the orbits of the planets are__

A

Ellipses

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4
Q

Man has grouped stars into constellations. Today, what is the number of accepted star constellations?

A

88

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5
Q

The first MODERN ASTRONOMER to propose a sun-centered (Heliocentric) universe was__

A

Nicolaus Comericus

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6
Q

All of the following are possible steps of scientific investigation

A
  1. The collection of scientific facts through observation and measurment. 2.The development of 1 or more working hypotheses ot models to explain facts. 3. Development of observations and experiments to test the hypotheses.
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7
Q

The explanation of how our solar system probably formed from a giant cloud of gas and dispersed solid particles is called the__

A

Nebular Theory

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8
Q

The four interacting spheres of the earth that all the geologist speak of are the__

A

Biosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, and Geosphere

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9
Q

In correct order, list the layers from the center of the earth by chemical composition outward to the surface.

A

Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

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10
Q

The composition of the earth’s inner core is thought to be composed of__

A

Solid iron-nickel

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11
Q

Of the layers of earth according to composition, the thinnest layer of the earth is the___

A

Crust

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12
Q

The relativley cool, brittle tectonic plates are made up of the crust and the upper brittle (hard) mantle. These two units together are called the___

A

Lithosphere

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13
Q

Which energy source is thought to drive the lateral motions of the earth’s plates in the plate tectonic movement?

A

Export of heat from deep in the mantle to the top of the athenosphere (Convection)

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14
Q

The most prominent and largest features (also longest) on the ocean floor are__

A

Oceanic ridges

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15
Q

This scientist determined the nature of the forces that kept the planets in their orbits called the law of universal gravitation__

A

Sir Isaac Newton

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16
Q

This scientist was the first to use the telescope in astronomy and who also noted topography on the moon__

A

Galileo Galilei

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17
Q

Three laws of planetary motion (Indicating elliptical orbits) were discovered by__

A

Johannes Kepler

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18
Q

In the Ptolemaic (early Greek) model of the universe__

A

Earth was in the center of the solar system.

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19
Q

The apparent westward “drift” of the planets compared to the background star is called__

A

Retrograde Motion

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20
Q

The average distance from earth to the sun (93 Million miles) is called the__

A

Astronomical Unit

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21
Q

The position of the sun, earth, and moon during a solar eclipse__

A

Earth - Moon - Sun

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22
Q

Pluto is now classified as a ___ in our solar system

A

Dwarf planet

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23
Q

The meteorite thought to be analogous in composition to the earth core is___

A

Iron

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24
Q

Compared to Earths atmosphere, the atmosphere of Mars has surface pressures that are___

A

0.1 times those of Earth; major gases are water vapor and carbon dioxide.

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25
Q

This planet has the great, dark red spot on its surface.

A

Jupiter

26
Q

Which condition is NOT found on Mars?

A

H2O-rich atmosphere

27
Q

The surface features of this terrestrial planet are known only through satellite radar mapping.

A

Venus

28
Q

The largest known volcano in the solar system is___

A

Olympus Mons on Mars

29
Q

Jupiter is the largest planet in our Solar system. How massive is it compared to all the other planets?

A

2.5 times more massive than all other planets, satellites, and asteroids combined.

30
Q

Vast, circular to elliptical dark-colored, smooth areas of the moon are known as___

A

Lunar Maria

31
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered a form of electromagnetic radiation A. Radio waves B. Gravity C. Gamma Waves D. Visible Light E. X-Rays

A

Gravity

32
Q

The type of spectrum created by an ordinary light bulb is___

A

Continuous spectrum

33
Q

To determine whether a celestial body is approaching or receding from Earth, astronomers employ____ applied to light waves.

A

The Doppler Principle

34
Q

The first person to use a telescope for astronomical observations was___

A

Galileo

35
Q

What is NOT and advantage that radio telescopes have over optical telescopes?

A

They have better resolution

36
Q

The Greeks charted 7 wanderers that moved across the sky. Select the body from the list that was NOT one of the 7 Wonderers. A. Mars B. Jupiter C. Uranus D. Venus

A

Uranus

37
Q

The sun’s normal surface has a grainy texture produced by numerous bright dot-like markings called__

A

Granules or granulations of the surface.

38
Q

Streams of protons and electrons emitted form the sun and traveling outward away from the sun produce what is called___

A

The Solar Wind

39
Q

Select the planet that is NOT a Jovian planet. A. Neptune B. Saturn C. Venus D. Uranus

A

Venus

40
Q

Silicon is a common element in many of Earth’s minerals. What is its Atomic Number?

A

14

41
Q

Borons Atomic Number symbol is B, what is its Atomic Number?

A

5

42
Q

Copper has the Atomic Symbol Cu. How many protons are in the Nucleus of every copper atom.

A

29

43
Q

Helium, Neon, and Argon are noble gases. They do not combine with other elements because___

A

They have a complete octet of electrons in the outer electronic ball.

44
Q

What is the lowest estimated crystallization temp for granite?

A

600°c

45
Q

The age of the Earth is___

A

4.6 Billion years old

46
Q

Nebular Theory

A

About 5 billion years ago a giant rotating cloud consisting primarily of Hydrogen and Helium started to compact into a flat disk shape with a protosun in the middle. Inner planet formed rocky/metallic clumps, and out planets formed with fragments mostly of ice.

47
Q

Atmosphere

A

One half lies below 3.5 miles

48
Q

4 Bonds

A

Ionic, Covalent, Metallic, and Van Der Waals

49
Q

Mohs Hardness scale.

A

Talc, Gypsum, Calcite, Fluorite, Apatite, Orthoclase, Quartz, Topaz, Corundum, Diamond

50
Q

Geocentric Theory

A

Earth is the center of the universe.

51
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus. Tycho Brahe. Johannes Kepler. Galileo Galilei. Sir Isaac Newton.

A

Earth as a planet, sun centered universe. -Precise observer, discounted Copernicus System. - Planets revolve around sun, Law of equal areas. - Constructed the telescope. - Law of universal gravitation.

52
Q

Astronomical Unit

A

1 AU is the distance between the earth and the sun. 150 Million Km or 93 Million Mi.

53
Q

Lunar Eclipse

A

Moon - Earth - Sun

54
Q

Terrestrial Planets

A

Mercury. Venus. Earth. Mars.

55
Q

Jovian Planets

A

Jupiter. Saturn. Uranus. Neptune.

56
Q

How old is the moon.

A

4.5 Billion years.

57
Q

What kind of atmosphere does Venues have?

A

97% Carbon dioxide.

58
Q

Two Martian Moons

A

Phobos, and Deimos

59
Q

Who discovered Saturn’s rings?

A

Galileo in 1610

60
Q

4 major categories for meteorites.

A

IRONS- mostly iron, 5-20% nickel. STONY- Silicate minerals, inclusion of other minerals. STONY-IRONS- Mixtures. CARBONACEOUS CHRONDITES- rare, simple amino acids and other organic materials.

Earth Science (4 decks)

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