FINAL Flashcards
What test is the most reliable assessment of the effective erythroid activity of the bone marrow?
retic count
What conditions (including parasitic infections) produce a macrocytic/normochromic picture
Ovalocytes: Pernicious Anemia, Hemophilia B, folate deficiency, B12 deficiency
Round macrocytes: Liver disease, alcoholism
What conditions (including parasitic infections) produce a Microcytic/hypochromic blood picture?
Thalassemia, Cooley’s Anemia, iron deficiency, sideroblastic anemia, Pb poisoning, hookworm infection
What are the typical findings (including RBC, WBC and platelets) in pernicious anemia (or vitamin B12 deficiency)
Pancytopenia, oval macrocytes, hypersegs (shift to right)
What is the Schilling test and what body fluid is used for the test?
The Schilling test is an indirect measure of intrinsic factor. Pernicious Anemia: Intake of radioactive B12, look for it in urine. Not in urine indicates lack of intrinsic factor and no B12 absorption in intestines.
What are macropolycytes
large cells with 5-7 lobes in nucleus. They are larger than hypersegs.
What portion of the red blood cell is damaged leading to the formation of burr cells and thorn cells?
membrane
What are the distinguishing characteristics of hereditary ovalocytosis?
Ovalocytes are seen. It does not need bone marrow to confirm. It is a cell membrane abnormality.
What is the most unusual and significant finding in patients suffering from AIHA
Positive Direct Coombs (Positive DAT)
What poikilocyte is associated with ABO HDN?
With extramedullary hematopoiesis?
- Spherocytes
- teardrop cells
What are the laboratory findings in PCH
+ Direct Coombs, + Donath Lansteiner, symptoms after exposure to cold.
What are the hemoglobin electrophoresis results in sickle cell anemia?
Has Hgb S,F
No Hgb A.
What hemoglobin is insoluble in reducing agents such as sodium dithionite and sodium metabisufite
Hgb S
Which chain of the hemoglobin molecule is abnormal in hemoglobin C disease, sickle cell anemia, and thalassemia major?
Beta chain
What does the PBS of a patient with sickle cell trait usually show?
Occasional target cells
What does the PBS of a patient with IDA show
Pale, microcytic/ hypochromic cells
What are the serum iron and TIBC results in IDA?
decreased iron
increased TIBC
What is the specific cause of thalassemia?
decreased rate of synthesis of either Alpha or Beta chain
inherited not normal
What is another name for homozygous alpha thalassemia?
Heterozygous alpha thalassemia?
- Bart’s Disease
- Hemoglobin H Disease
What causes relative polyycthemia?
stress, dehydration, severe burns, plasma volume is decreased
What are the typical laboratory findings in acute leukemia:
Auer rods and a positive peroxidase stain:
- anemia, thrombocytopenia, young cells
- AML
What type of leukemia is indicated by the following:
Positive periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) stain:
ALL
What type of leukemia is indicated by the following:
Positive chloroacetate esterase staind:
AMML
What type of leukemia is indicated by the following:
presence of myelomonocyes:
Naegli’s or AMML
What type of leukemia is indicated by the following:
presence of the Philadelphia chromosome
CML
What type of leukemia is indicated by the following:
“hypermature lymphs” and smudge cells
CLL
What type of leukemia is indicated by the following:
extreme thrombocytosis
CML
What type of leukemia is indicated by the following:
increased incidence of bleeding disorders (i.e. DIC)
APL
What leukemia is most frequently seen in patients over the age of 50?
CLL
What type of cells might be expected to be found in the bone marrow of a leukemic patient?
same cells as in PBS (acute = blasts, CML = all stages of granulocytes)
except IM
What is the “end stage” of DiGuglielmo’s syndrome
AML
What condition would be described as acute granulocytopenia?
severe neutropenia
What are the laboratory findings in Hodgkin’s disease
Increased Eos (Leukomoid reaction with eosinophilia), decreased lymphs, Reed Sternberg cell
What are the laboratory findings in multiple myeloma
occasional plasma cell, Bence Jones protein, rouleaux, increased sed rate
What is the L.E. factor?
anti-nucleoprotein
IgG antibody
How is a Downey cell described?
Atypical lymph in IM- scalloping around RBC, blue at edges
AKA Reactive Lymphocyte
What disease is indicated by a positive ANA?
SLE (Lupus)
With what conditions is a decreased LAP associated?
CML, AML, increased Leukomoid reactions
What are the causes of bleeding?
trauma, decreased clotting factor synthesis, DIC, increased utilization of clotting factors, genetic defects