Final

Question 1

What are the accessory organs?

Answer 1

teeth, tongue, sallivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Question 2

What are the GI Tract organs?

Answer 2

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

Question 3

What is the function of the GI Tract?

Answer 3

contains food from the time it is eaten until it is digested and eliminated from the body.

Question 4

What is the function of the accessory organs?

Answer 4

aid in the chemical break down of food.

Question 5

What is the function of the salivary gland?

Answer 5

release their secretion (saliva) into ducts emptying into the oral cavity

Question 6

Where does chemical digestion occur?

Answer 6

Stomach, at the beginning of protein digestion by the enzyme pepsin

Question 7

Where does absorption occur?

Answer 7

Small intestines

Question 8

What is the order that food moves through the small and large intestines

Answer 8

small-duodenum, jejunum, ileum

large- cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

Question 9

What role does pepsin play in chemical digestion?

Answer 9

break down of peptide bonds between amino acids and proteins

Question 10

Where is the liver located?

Answer 10

mostly on the right side of the body

Question 11

What is the structure of the liver and gallbladder?

Answer 11

Hepatocytes, bile canaliculi, hepatic sinusoids

Question 12

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 12

secretion of bile, bile salts and phagocytosis of bacteria, carbohydrate,lipid, protein metabolism, processing of drugs and hormones, excretion of bilirubin, storage of vitamins and minerals, activatio of vitamin D

Question 13

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 13

holds bile until it is needed for digesting fatty foods in the duodenum of the small intestine

Question 14

Define nutrient

Answer 14

chemical substance in food that body cells use for growth, maintenance, and repair.

Question 15

What are the 6 main types of nutrients?

Answer 15

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, minerals and vitamins.

Question 16

What happens to water soluble vitamins if they are taken in excessive quantities

Answer 16

they are not stored but instead are excreted in the urine

Question 17

Define catabolism

Answer 17

chemical reactions that break down complex organic compounds into simple ones

Question 18

Define anabolism

Answer 18

chemical reactions that combine simple substances into more complex molecules

Question 19

What are the 4 steps of carbohydrate digestion?

Answer 19

glycolysis, acetyl coenzyme A, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain.

Question 20

What are the product of glycolysis?

Answer 20

2 pyruvic acids

Question 21

What is the product of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 21

2 ATP, 4 CO2

Question 22

What is the product of the Electron Transport Chain?

Answer 22

32-34 ATP, 6 O2, 6 H2)

Question 23

What do proteins have to be broken down into before they can be used for energy production?

Answer 23

Amino acids

Question 24

Where is the thermostat for the human body located?

Answer 24

Hypothalamus

Question 25

What is considered a normal body temperature?

Answer 25

98.6 F or 37 C

Question 26

What are factors affect metabolic rate?

Answer 26

Exercise-increases rate
Hormones- increases rate
Nervous System- increases rate
Body Temperature- higher the temp higher the rate
Ingestion of food- increases rate especially proteins
Age- child rate is higher than elderly
other factors- gender, climate, sleep, malnutrition

Question 27

Where is most of the bodys fluid found?

Answer 27

inside the cells

Question 28

What is the located and function of the nephron?

Answer 28

located in the kidney and blood plasma is filtered and filtered fluid is passed

Question 29

What are the 3 basic functions performed by the nephrons?

Answer 29

Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion

Question 30

Where are most glucose molecules reabsorbed?

Answer 30

proximal convoluted tubules

Question 31

What is the function of the kideneys?

Answer 31

help regulate blood volume, help control blood pressure, help control pH

Question 32

Define glomerulonephritis

Answer 32

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney