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Anatomy > Anatomy Test 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Somatic Senses

A

arise from stimulation of sensory receptors in the skin, mucous membranes, muscles, and tendons and joints.

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2
Q

Define Special Senses

A

smell, taste, sight, hearing, and equilibrium

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3
Q

Define mechanoreceptors

A

sensory receptor that detects mechanical deformation of the receptor itself or adjacent cells

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4
Q

Define chemoreceptors

A

sensory receptor that detects the presence of a specific chemical

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5
Q

Define nociceptors

A

a free (naked) nerve ending that detects painful stimuli

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6
Q

What cranial nerves are involved in the gustatory pathway?

A

facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and vagus nerve

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7
Q

What is the clear jellylike substance found in the large cavity of the eye behind the lens called?

A

vitreous chamber

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8
Q

Receptors for hearing are located in the

A

cochlea (spiral organ)

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9
Q

Define Sensory adaption

A

change over time in responsiveness of the sensory system

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10
Q

The endocrine system includes

A

pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands.

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11
Q

What two systems work closely together to maintain homeostasis throughout the body?

A

Endocrine and Nervous

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12
Q

Describe the two general mechanisms of action of hormones

A

lipid-soluble hormones and water-soluble hormones

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13
Q

Human growth hormone

A

promote synthesis and secretion of small protein hormones.

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14
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

stimulates the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland (osteoclasts)

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15
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone

A

ovaries and testes

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16
Q

Prolactin

A

initiates and maintains milk production by the mammary glands

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17
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

A

controls the production and secretion of glucocorticoids

18
Q

Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone

A

brain activity

19
Q

Oxytocin (posterior)

A

enhances contraction of smooth muscle cells, stimulates milk ejection

20
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (posterior)

A

decreases urine production

21
Q

List and describe the functions of blood

A

Transportation
Regulation
Protection

22
Q

What is whole blood composed of?

A

blood plasma, and formed elements

23
Q

Define thrombosis

A

clotting in an unbroken blood vessel

24
Q

Universal donor

A

O

25
Q

Universal recipient

A

AB

26
Q

Define Hematocrit

A

percentage of red blood cells in whole blood

27
Q

Describe the layers of the heart wall and the chambers of the heart

A

epicardium - outer layer
myocardium - middle layer
endocardium - inner layer

right and left atrium and right and left ventricle

28
Q

Identify the major blood vessels that enter and exit the heart

A

superior and inferior vena cava

29
Q

How does the blood flow through the heart?

A

superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, ascending aorta, aortic arch

30
Q

Define Myocardial infarction

A

Gross necrosis of myocardial tissue due to interrupted blood supply aka: heart attack

31
Q

What hormones are involved in how the heart regulates cardiac output

A

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and thyroid hormones

32
Q

What are the different types of blood vessels?

A

arteries, arterioles, capilaries, venules and veins.

33
Q

How does venous blood return to the heart?

A

contractions through the heart, skeletal muscle pump and the respiratory pump.

34
Q

Define blood pressure

A

the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of a blood vessel.

35
Q

Define nose

A

lined with mucous membrane

36
Q

Define pharynx

A

throat, passageway for air and food, provides a resonating chamber of speech sounds, and house tonsils, which participate in immunological responses to foreign invaders.

37
Q

Define larynx

A

voice box, connects the pharynx with the trachea

38
Q

Define trachea

A

windpipe, tubular passageway for air that is located anterior to the esophagus

39
Q

Define bronchi

A

branches of the respiratory passageway

40
Q

Define bronchioles

A

branch of the tertiary bronchus further dividing into terminal bronchioles

41
Q

Define lungs

A

main organs of respiration that lie on either side of the heart in the thoracic cavity

Anatomy (5 decks)

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