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Forensic psychology. > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What are SVP laws?

A

Sexually violent predator

Protect society from danger (future crime)

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2
Q

What does the term double jeopardy mean?

A

Can’t be trailed twice for the same crime

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3
Q

What does the term future dangerousness standard mean

A

Determining if defendant is likely to commit violent acts and cause a threat to society

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4
Q

In what famous case did the supreme court rule on the use of expert testimony on the issue of dangerousness

A

Barefoot vs Estelle 1983

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5
Q

In the American psychiatric Association amicus curiae brief how often were mental health experts correct and the estimate of dangerousness

A

1/3

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6
Q

What is the term involuntary civil commitment

A

Place someone in a mental facility against their well

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7
Q

The famous case resulted in the duty to protect ruling

A

Taraoff vs regents of uc

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8
Q

In Kansas v crane, the Supreme Court identify three criterion for involuntary commitment under SVP laws. List the three criteria

A

1) suffer from some form of mental illness
2) pose future danger to society
3) have serious difficulties controlling urges.

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9
Q

If we predict that a person will become violent and he does not violent it is called

A

False positives

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10
Q

If we predict that a person will not become violent and he does become violent it is called

A

True negative

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11
Q

If we predict that a person will be violent and he does become violent it is called

A

True positive

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12
Q

If we predict that a person will not become violent and he does not become violent it is called

A

False negative

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13
Q

What does the word intuition mean

A

The ability to understand something immediately without need for conscious reasoning

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14
Q

Clinicians who are unaware of the rarity of an offensive are prone to _ the offense

A

Reoffend

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15
Q

_ of prediction require that relevant risk factors be symmetrically combined using statistical equation to calculate an estimate of future violent

A

Base rate

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16
Q

Clinical prediction has been consistently shown to be more effective than the actual method

A

False

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17
Q

The final collision in the VRAG achieved approximately _% accuracy in selecting those who would reoffend from those who would not

A

75%

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18
Q

The SORAGA Is a specialized variant of the VRAG used to predict

A

Sexual reoffenses

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19
Q

List three classes of risk factors used to predict risk

A

Static markers
Dynamic markers
Risk management markers

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20
Q

Historical markers are also called _______ because they do not change

A

Static

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21
Q

Young age of first offense is a good example of _______ marker

A

Static

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22
Q

_________ fluctuate over time

A

Dynamic markers

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23
Q

A major ________ factors lack of insight into oneself or others

A

Dynamic marker

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24
Q

A stable supportive post really some vitamin is a good example of a ______ marker

A

Risk management

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25
Q

The ________ is a superior violence production instrument because includes all of the categories of risk

A

HCR 20

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26
Q

What does the word attribution mean

A

Process by which individual explains and causes certain behavioral event

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27
Q

Criminal behaviors that are attributed to _________ ____________ _________ causes evoke the strongest responses

A

Situation
Environment
External

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28
Q

Women are likely to receive exactly the same punishment as men for the exact same crime

A

False

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29
Q

______________ requires judges to hand him a sentence that falls within a specific range for specific crime

A

Determinate sentencing

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30
Q

________ refers to releasing inmate from before their entire sentence has been served

A

Parole

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31
Q

_______ are short term holding cells operated by cities or countries

A

Jail

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32
Q

________ hold convicted criminals for long periods of times

A

Prison

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33
Q

Of all crimes types pedophiles are the most likely to reoffend.

A

False

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34
Q

Americas the first country in human history in which the majority of rape victims are male

A

True

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35
Q

Name the primary factor that facilitates continued criminal behavior with in the prison

A

The culture to prisoners are violence and fear

36
Q

The rarest rate for prisoners who have completed drug rehabilitation’s are about __________ then the rarest rate for prisoners who have not received treatment

A

20% lower

37
Q

The average cost of housing prisoners over the age of 55 exceeds _____ per year

A

$80,000

38
Q

Prisons are incubators for at least two virulent diseases _______ and _____

A

HIV

Aids

39
Q

Prisons do an extraordinary good job of__________ criminals but not necessarily reducing the ________

A

Incapacitating

Crime rate

40
Q

Prison is also a great success of the goal of

A

Retribution

41
Q

At the goal of ________ prisons are A dismal failure

A

Rehabilitation

42
Q

Petersilia, Turner, and Peterson found that compared with probation, prison time _________ the risk of future crime

A

Increased

43
Q

As far as being a deterrent the justice policy Center found that about _____ A former inmates will eventually be rearrested and sent back to prison

A

67%

44
Q

The use of CBT _____ recidivism by more than _____.

A

Reduced

1/3

45
Q

What does the term “restitution” mean?

A

A repayment either through labor or money to right the crime committed

46
Q

Name two ways in which probation is superior to imprisonment

A

It only cost one third of prison time even though the rarest rate is high it is much better than prison

47
Q

By 1970 and increasing emphasis on victim rights made the public less interested and rehabilitating criminals and more interested in ___________ for their crimes

A

Making them pay

48
Q

By the 1980s politicians competed for the label of ____________.

A

Tough on crime

49
Q

At this time the US has imprisoned a larger percentage of its own citizens than any nation in the developed world including apartheid South Africa communist China, saddham husseins and the communist thugs under Joseph Stalin

A

True

50
Q

Single state California has imprisoned more of its own citizens that has France Germany Great Britain and Japan combined

A

True

51
Q

List five factors that have contributed to the stunning rise in the rates of imprisonment in America

A 
Longer sentences
Mandatory sentencing
Three strikes law
Reduction in the use of parole
Increase imprisonment of juveniles
52
Q

Who has the highest incarceration rate for any racial are gender group

A

African Americans

53
Q

______ other prisoners and state and federal prison are male

A

93%

54
Q

Two processes ______ and ____________ combine to produce an especially brutal environment

A

Prisonization
Street culture
Importation of violence

55
Q

Decisions about appropriate punishment for a particular crime depend on the _______ of the crime and also ________ about the crime

A

Seriousness

Attribution

56
Q

Free choices is thought of as an _______ cause while situational factors are thought of as ________ causes

A

Internal

External

57
Q

Criminal behaviors that are attributed to _________, ________ _______ causes evil the strongest punitive responses

A

Internal
Controllable
Stable

58
Q

Women are likely to receive exact punishment as a man For exactly the same crime

A

False

59
Q

List the four goals of imprisonment

A 
Incapacitation
Specific deterrence
General deterrence
Retribution
Rehabilitation
60
Q

The hope of seeing the suffering of those who are in prison will prevent other people from committing crime is also known as _______

A

General deterrence

61
Q

The desired to make a criminal pay for his crime is called

A

Retribution

62
Q

During colonial America only ___ States had built prisons

A

8

63
Q

The concept of imprisonment as punishment for crime was a new idea. However by 1820 most public officials had come to believe that prisons _______ instead of suppressing it

A

Spawned crimes

64
Q

During the first half of the 19th century a fundamental shift in thinking about crime occurred. Previously viewed as the product of send people began to realize that _______ was also to blame

A

Social disorganization

65
Q

By 1900 prisons felt the growing influence of medical and social science as a new ______ model bolstered The commitment to rehabilitation and indeterminate sentencing

A

Medical

66
Q

What famous piece of research demonstrated that the power imbalance of prison life dramatically and painfully transformed guards and two abusive people and prisoners into passive individuals

A

Prison stimulation study

67
Q

In most Western democracies the death penalty is viewed as

A

A violation of basic human rights

68
Q

How many states use the death penalty

A

35

69
Q

What is the only crime the US that is punishable by death

A

Murder

70
Q

Constitutional challenges have been based upon the eighth amendments ________ clause

A

“Cruel and unusual punishment”

71
Q

Who observed that the application of death penalty up to 1972 was freakishly applied with no meaningful basis for when it is imposing when it’s not”?

A

Furman decision

72
Q

As a result of Gregg versus Georgia defendant accused of capital murder I tried by Juriors in a _________ proceeding

A

Two phase

73
Q

In the sentencing phase jurors are asked to weigh _____ factors against ______ factors in order to the side of the death penalty is fitting

A

Aggravating

Mitigating

74
Q

Atkins v Virginia eliminator the execution of _____ prisoners

A

Mentally retarded

75
Q

Ring v Arizona determine that it is unconstitutional for a _______ to determine whether a convicted murderer should be sentenced to death or life in prison

A

Judge

76
Q

Roper v Simmons abolish the death penalty for _____ offenders

A

All juvenile

77
Q

If a potential juror express is a lack of willingness to seriously consider execution as a punishment he or she is not permitted to serve on a capital jury this process is referred to as

A

Voir dire

78
Q

Death qualified jurors are most likely to vote to _____ the defendant

A

Convict

79
Q

The mere process of death qualification during voir dire is often interpreted by the jurors to mean that both the defense and the prosecution expects

A

Conviction and a death sentence

80
Q

If instructions to jurors in the sentencing phase of a capital murder case is difficult to understand the juror is likely to rely on their own

A

Rough translation of the meaning of penalty phase

81
Q

Between 1930 and 1967 455 men were executed for the crime of rape of those ____ were black

A

89%

82
Q

Wolfgang and reidel found that black man convicted of raping white women were ___ Times more likely to be sentenced to death then any other racial combination

A

18

83
Q

In mcCleskey v Kemp the supreme court ruled that general statistics regarding racial discrimination in the application of the death sentence where insignificant for an appeal. Rather do the defense would have to prove that the jurors acted with

A

Discriminatory purpose

84
Q

States with the death penalty have lower murder rates

A

False

85
Q

Do you murder rates rise in the states that drop the death penalty

A

No evidence

86
Q

The term _______ describes the fact that murder rates actually rise in the weeks that followed execution

A

Brutalization effect

87
Q

Leibman, fagan and west found that ____ death penalty is very versed because of serious errors at trial

A

68%

Forensic psychology. (9 decks)

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