Final Flashcards
What are SVP laws?
Sexually violent predator
Protect society from danger (future crime)
What does the term double jeopardy mean?
Can’t be trailed twice for the same crime
What does the term future dangerousness standard mean
Determining if defendant is likely to commit violent acts and cause a threat to society
In what famous case did the supreme court rule on the use of expert testimony on the issue of dangerousness
Barefoot vs Estelle 1983
In the American psychiatric Association amicus curiae brief how often were mental health experts correct and the estimate of dangerousness
1/3
What is the term involuntary civil commitment
Place someone in a mental facility against their well
The famous case resulted in the duty to protect ruling
Taraoff vs regents of uc
In Kansas v crane, the Supreme Court identify three criterion for involuntary commitment under SVP laws. List the three criteria
1) suffer from some form of mental illness
2) pose future danger to society
3) have serious difficulties controlling urges.
If we predict that a person will become violent and he does not violent it is called
False positives
If we predict that a person will not become violent and he does become violent it is called
True negative
If we predict that a person will be violent and he does become violent it is called
True positive
If we predict that a person will not become violent and he does not become violent it is called
False negative
What does the word intuition mean
The ability to understand something immediately without need for conscious reasoning
Clinicians who are unaware of the rarity of an offensive are prone to _ the offense
Reoffend
_ of prediction require that relevant risk factors be symmetrically combined using statistical equation to calculate an estimate of future violent
Base rate
Clinical prediction has been consistently shown to be more effective than the actual method
False
The final collision in the VRAG achieved approximately _% accuracy in selecting those who would reoffend from those who would not
75%
The SORAGA Is a specialized variant of the VRAG used to predict
Sexual reoffenses
List three classes of risk factors used to predict risk
Static markers
Dynamic markers
Risk management markers
Historical markers are also called _______ because they do not change
Static
Young age of first offense is a good example of _______ marker
Static
_________ fluctuate over time
Dynamic markers
A major ________ factors lack of insight into oneself or others
Dynamic marker
A stable supportive post really some vitamin is a good example of a ______ marker
Risk management
The ________ is a superior violence production instrument because includes all of the categories of risk
HCR 20
What does the word attribution mean
Process by which individual explains and causes certain behavioral event
Criminal behaviors that are attributed to _________ ____________ _________ causes evoke the strongest responses
Situation
Environment
External
Women are likely to receive exactly the same punishment as men for the exact same crime
False
______________ requires judges to hand him a sentence that falls within a specific range for specific crime
Determinate sentencing
________ refers to releasing inmate from before their entire sentence has been served
Parole
_______ are short term holding cells operated by cities or countries
Jail
________ hold convicted criminals for long periods of times
Prison
Of all crimes types pedophiles are the most likely to reoffend.
False
Americas the first country in human history in which the majority of rape victims are male
True
Name the primary factor that facilitates continued criminal behavior with in the prison
The culture to prisoners are violence and fear
The rarest rate for prisoners who have completed drug rehabilitation’s are about __________ then the rarest rate for prisoners who have not received treatment
20% lower
The average cost of housing prisoners over the age of 55 exceeds _____ per year
$80,000
Prisons are incubators for at least two virulent diseases _______ and _____
HIV
Aids
Prisons do an extraordinary good job of__________ criminals but not necessarily reducing the ________
Incapacitating
Crime rate
Prison is also a great success of the goal of
Retribution
At the goal of ________ prisons are A dismal failure
Rehabilitation
Petersilia, Turner, and Peterson found that compared with probation, prison time _________ the risk of future crime
Increased
As far as being a deterrent the justice policy Center found that about _____ A former inmates will eventually be rearrested and sent back to prison
67%
The use of CBT _____ recidivism by more than _____.
Reduced
1/3
What does the term “restitution” mean?
A repayment either through labor or money to right the crime committed
Name two ways in which probation is superior to imprisonment
It only cost one third of prison time even though the rarest rate is high it is much better than prison
By 1970 and increasing emphasis on victim rights made the public less interested and rehabilitating criminals and more interested in ___________ for their crimes
Making them pay
By the 1980s politicians competed for the label of ____________.
Tough on crime
At this time the US has imprisoned a larger percentage of its own citizens than any nation in the developed world including apartheid South Africa communist China, saddham husseins and the communist thugs under Joseph Stalin
True
Single state California has imprisoned more of its own citizens that has France Germany Great Britain and Japan combined
True
List five factors that have contributed to the stunning rise in the rates of imprisonment in America
Longer sentences Mandatory sentencing Three strikes law Reduction in the use of parole Increase imprisonment of juveniles
Who has the highest incarceration rate for any racial are gender group
African Americans
______ other prisoners and state and federal prison are male
93%
Two processes ______ and ____________ combine to produce an especially brutal environment
Prisonization
Street culture
Importation of violence
Decisions about appropriate punishment for a particular crime depend on the _______ of the crime and also ________ about the crime
Seriousness
Attribution
Free choices is thought of as an _______ cause while situational factors are thought of as ________ causes
Internal
External
Criminal behaviors that are attributed to _________, ________ _______ causes evil the strongest punitive responses
Internal
Controllable
Stable
Women are likely to receive exact punishment as a man For exactly the same crime
False
List the four goals of imprisonment
Incapacitation Specific deterrence General deterrence Retribution Rehabilitation
The hope of seeing the suffering of those who are in prison will prevent other people from committing crime is also known as _______
General deterrence
The desired to make a criminal pay for his crime is called
Retribution
During colonial America only ___ States had built prisons
8
The concept of imprisonment as punishment for crime was a new idea. However by 1820 most public officials had come to believe that prisons _______ instead of suppressing it
Spawned crimes
During the first half of the 19th century a fundamental shift in thinking about crime occurred. Previously viewed as the product of send people began to realize that _______ was also to blame
Social disorganization
By 1900 prisons felt the growing influence of medical and social science as a new ______ model bolstered The commitment to rehabilitation and indeterminate sentencing
Medical
What famous piece of research demonstrated that the power imbalance of prison life dramatically and painfully transformed guards and two abusive people and prisoners into passive individuals
Prison stimulation study
In most Western democracies the death penalty is viewed as
A violation of basic human rights
How many states use the death penalty
35
What is the only crime the US that is punishable by death
Murder
Constitutional challenges have been based upon the eighth amendments ________ clause
“Cruel and unusual punishment”
Who observed that the application of death penalty up to 1972 was freakishly applied with no meaningful basis for when it is imposing when it’s not”?
Furman decision
As a result of Gregg versus Georgia defendant accused of capital murder I tried by Juriors in a _________ proceeding
Two phase
In the sentencing phase jurors are asked to weigh _____ factors against ______ factors in order to the side of the death penalty is fitting
Aggravating
Mitigating
Atkins v Virginia eliminator the execution of _____ prisoners
Mentally retarded
Ring v Arizona determine that it is unconstitutional for a _______ to determine whether a convicted murderer should be sentenced to death or life in prison
Judge
Roper v Simmons abolish the death penalty for _____ offenders
All juvenile
If a potential juror express is a lack of willingness to seriously consider execution as a punishment he or she is not permitted to serve on a capital jury this process is referred to as
Voir dire
Death qualified jurors are most likely to vote to _____ the defendant
Convict
The mere process of death qualification during voir dire is often interpreted by the jurors to mean that both the defense and the prosecution expects
Conviction and a death sentence
If instructions to jurors in the sentencing phase of a capital murder case is difficult to understand the juror is likely to rely on their own
Rough translation of the meaning of penalty phase
Between 1930 and 1967 455 men were executed for the crime of rape of those ____ were black
89%
Wolfgang and reidel found that black man convicted of raping white women were ___ Times more likely to be sentenced to death then any other racial combination
18
In mcCleskey v Kemp the supreme court ruled that general statistics regarding racial discrimination in the application of the death sentence where insignificant for an appeal. Rather do the defense would have to prove that the jurors acted with
Discriminatory purpose
States with the death penalty have lower murder rates
False
Do you murder rates rise in the states that drop the death penalty
No evidence
The term _______ describes the fact that murder rates actually rise in the weeks that followed execution
Brutalization effect
Leibman, fagan and west found that ____ death penalty is very versed because of serious errors at trial
68%
