Final

Question 1

Elements of Faith (6 beliefs)

Answer 1

1. There is only one God and he does not beget nor was he begotten (O)
2. There are prophets, Muhammad was the last prophet (P)
3. There are holy books (monotheism), Quran, Torah, Bible (B)
4. There are Angels (A)
5. There is a second life, Heaven/Hell (S)
6. God predestines life, God provides justice (P)

Question 2

Pillars of Faith

Answer 2

Arkam

There are 5:

1. Must pray 5 times a day
2. Must fast
3. Must be charitable
4. Pilgrimage
5. Jihad

Question 3

Profession of faith

Answer 3

“Ash-shahada”

“There is no God but God, and Muhammad is his messenger”

Question 4

Salat

Answer 4

Must pray 5 times a day

Must face Makka while praying (Qibla)

Niche in mosque shows the direction of Makka (Mihrab)

“Adhan” = call to prayer

Mu’adhadhan = caller to prayer

Question 5

Siam

Answer 5

Must fast (those who are capable)

Month of Ramadan = nothing from sunrise to sunset

Question 6

Zakat vs. Sadaqa

Answer 6

Must be charitable

Zakat=required charity (2.5% of income if possible)

Sadaqa=voluntary charity

Question 7

Pilgrimage

Answer 7

Greater pilgrimage = Hajj, pilgrimage to Makka, once in a lifetime

Lesser pilgrimage = Umra, voluntary pilgrimage

Question 8

Jihad

Answer 8

Effort

Greater effort = inner Jihad, effort to release the bad qualities

Lesser effort = self-defense against aggressors

Question 9

Sharia Law

Answer 9

Followed Muhammad’s customs (Sunna) as example
(4 sources)

1st source: Quran (Sura = chapters)

2nd source: Hadith = narration of Muhammad’s sayings

3rd source: Ijma = consensus of religious scholars

4th source: Qiyas = analogy; uses independent reasoning (Ijtihad)

Question 10

Fatwa

Answer 10

Legally binding religious proclamation to the person who states it

Question 11

Mutazilities

Answer 11

Founded by Wasil

• Believed there was an intermediary between heaven/hell
• God is One. He has no attributes

Question 12

Al-Mamun

Answer 12

Khalifa who was a Mutazilite (813-833)

• imprisoned Ibn-Hanbal who was a famous religious leader who refused his request
• Believed God had no speech, Quran was created by God
• Opened the House of Wisdom, responsible for translating Greek works to Arabic

Question 13

Beliefs of the Mutazilites

Answer 13

• intermediary between heaven and hell
• God is One. He has no attributes.
• God is just. He cannot change his mind or he will be deceiving Muslims
• Human beings are free. God gives human beings freedom
• Human reasoning is capable of understanding everything
• The values of things are in the objects (beauty in a painting)

Question 14

Abu al-Hasan al-Ashari

Answer 14

IDK

Question 15

Asharites

Answer 15

Believed the opposite of Mutazilites

• No intermediary between heaven and hell
• God has attributes because he said he did
• God is just
• Human reasoning is limited to what the Quran says
• Human beings have freedom, but God predestines life
• Values are only in God’s mind

Question 16

Acquisition Theory

Answer 16

human capacities are predestined, but the action is up to the human (responsibility)