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Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Abiotic factors

A

All of the non living things in an organisms surroundings. Ex. Water

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1
Q

Biotic factors

A

All of the living things in an organisms surroundings. Ex. Animals and plants

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2
Q

Limiting factors

A

Things that can help or harm an organism in its habitat.

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3
Q

Niche

A

And organisms particular role.

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4
Q

Symbiosis

A

A relationship between organisms.

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5
Q

3 types of symbiosis

A

Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.

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6
Q

Mutualism

A

A relationship in which both organisms benefit.

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7
Q

Commensalism

A

A relationship where neither organism is helped or harmed.

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8
Q

Parasitism

A

An organism living on or inside of another, where one benefits and one is harmed.

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9
Q

Ecology

A

The study of how living things act with each other and their environment.

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10
Q

Biomes

A
  • rainforest
  • desert
  • grassland
  • deciduous forest
  • boreal/coniferous forest
  • tundra
  • fresh water
  • marine
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11
Q

Producer / Autotroph

A

Produces its own food.

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12
Q

Consumer / Heterotroph

A

Doesn’t produce its own food.

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13
Q

Continental drift

A

The idea that continents slowly move over Earth’s surface.

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14
Q

Constructive force

A

A force that builds up mountains and landmasses on Earth’s surface.

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15
Q

Destructive force

A

A force that slowly wears away mountains and other features on the surface of Earth.

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16
Q

Main layers of Earth

A

Crust, Mantle, Core

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17
Q

Individual layers of Earth

A

Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

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18
Q

Mantle

A

Middle layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s Crust and Core

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19
Q

Inner Core

A

Made of solid iron, also causes the magnetic fields due to its spinning.

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20
Q

Heat transfer

A

Three types- radiation, conduction and convection.

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21
Q

Radiation

A

Sunlight is radiation that warms Earth’s surface. It is heat that is felt, there is no contact between the neat source and object.

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22
Q

Conduction

A

Ex. Pot and spoon. The heat is transferred from the pot onto the spoon with physical contact.

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23
Q

Convection

A

It is caused by differences in temperature and density within a fluid. The convection currents continue as long as heat is added.

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24
Q

Pangea

A

The name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today’s continents.

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25
Q

Alfred Wagner

A

German scientist that hypothesized that all the continents were once joined together as one single landmass.

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26
Q

Wagner’s evidence

A
  1. Land- Mountain range in South Africa lines up with one in South America
  2. Fossils- Same ones found in places now separated by oceans.
  3. Climate- Tropical plant fossils found in cold climates areas. Also deep scratches in rocks show places once had glaciers.
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27
Q

Wagner’s theory rejected by everyone

A

Alfred couldn’t explain the force that pushes and pulls the continents.

28
Q

Mid-ocean Ridge

A

Undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; A divergent plate boundary

29
Q

Subduction

A

The process by which oceanic crust sinks below the deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at the convergent plate boundary.

30
Q

Plate tectonics

A

Theory that pieces of earth’s lithosphere (plates) move. They move slowly and are driven by convection currents in the mantle

31
Q

3 types of boundaries

A
  1. Transform
  2. Divergent
  3. Convergent
32
Q

Fossil

A

preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past.

33
Q

How earths layers were formed

A

The earth got hot enough to where the most dense material sank to the middle and the least dense material rose to the top.

34
Q

P-waves or Primary waves

A

Longitudinal waves that’s are fastest and always arrive first.

35
Q

S-waves or Secondary waves

A

Transverse waves that cannot travel through liquids, and also they are not detected on the other side of Earth. They are slower than primary waves and arrive second.

36
Q

Aftershock

A

An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area.

37
Q

Tsunami

A

An earthquake underneath the ocean floor causes this massive wave to form. They get bigger and more powerful the closer they get to the shoreline.

38
Q

Base-isolated buildings

A

A building mounted on bearings designed to absorb the energy of an earthquake.

39
Q

Best way to protect yourself in an earthquake

A

Drop, cover, hold

40
Q

Devices that monitor earthquakes

A
  • creep meters
  • laser ranging
  • tiltmeters
  • satellite monitor
41
Q

Why is the risk of an earthquake higher on the pacific coast?

A

On the pacific coast is where a major fault is. (Saint Andreas Fault)

42
Q

Can earthquakes be predicted?

A

No, they cannot be predicted. They can occur at anyplace at anytime.

43
Q

How were the Hawaiian islands formed?

A

The undersea volcanic chain eventually erupted so many times, with thousands of layers of lava building up, the land surfaced.

44
Q

Why does magma rise?

A

Heat causes it to become less dense and rise.

45
Q

Types of volcanos

A
  • cinder cone
  • shield
  • composite
46
Q

The pipe

A

A long tube through which magma moves from the magma chamber to Earth’s surface.

47
Q

Silica content in magma

A

Magma high in silica- light colored lava, flows slowly, and produces pumice.
Magma low in silica- dark colored lava, flows quickly, and produces basalt.

48
Q

Pahoehoe

A

Hotter lava and faster moving

49
Q

Hot spring

A

Water heated from magma close to the surface. Some people can actually sit in it like a hot tub.

50
Q

Geothermal energy

A

Energy that is made by the heat inside Earth’s crust. It’s clean and sustainable.

51
Q

Hazards of quiet eruptions

A

Volcanic gasses, ashes and lava.

52
Q

Lava plateau

A

Lava that forms in high areas.

53
Q

Dome mountain

A

Rising magma is blocked by horizontal layers of rock.

54
Q

Volcanos on Venus

A

Venus has shield volcanos like here on Earth.

55
Q

Island arc

A

A curved chain of islands located at a tectonic plate margin, typically with a deep ocean trench on the convex side.

56
Q

Batholith

A

A mass of rock

57
Q

Caldera

A

When the top of a volcano collapses

58
Q

Volcanic neck

A

Hardened magma in the pipe.

59
Q

What causes magma to erupt

A

Internal gas pressure- as the gas bubbles escape they push the magma out.

60
Q

Silica

A

A hard, unreactive, colorless compound.

61
Q

Energy

A

The ability to do work or cause change

62
Q

What energy is measured in

A

Joules

63
Q

Types of energy

A
  • mechanical
  • thermal
  • chemical
  • nuclear
  • electrical
  • electromagnetic
64
Q

Fossil fuel

A

Coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

65
Q

Where does the energy in fossil fuels come from?

A

Energy is stored in the fossil fuels, they do not create it, it comes from the sun. The process is called combustion.

66
Q

Law of conservation of energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

67
Q

Subduction

A

The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath the deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at the convergent plate boundary.

68
Q

Location of new and old crust in a subduction zone.

A

New crust- closest to the mid ocean ridge

Old crust- furthest from the mid ocean ridge.

Science (8 decks)

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