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0
Q

Abiotic factors

A

All of the non living things in an organisms surroundings. Ex. Water

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1
Q

Biotic factors

A

All of the living things in an organisms surroundings. Ex. Animals and plants

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2
Q

Limiting factors

A

Things that can help or harm an organism in its habitat.

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3
Q

Niche

A

And organisms particular role.

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4
Q

Symbiosis

A

A relationship between organisms.

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5
Q

3 types of symbiosis

A

Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.

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6
Q

Mutualism

A

A relationship in which both organisms benefit.

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7
Q

Commensalism

A

A relationship where neither organism is helped or harmed.

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8
Q

Parasitism

A

An organism living on or inside of another, where one benefits and one is harmed.

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9
Q

Ecology

A

The study of how living things act with each other and their environment.

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10
Q

Biomes

A
  • rainforest
  • desert
  • grassland
  • deciduous forest
  • boreal/coniferous forest
  • tundra
  • fresh water
  • marine
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11
Q

Producer / Autotroph

A

Produces its own food.

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12
Q

Consumer / Heterotroph

A

Doesn’t produce its own food.

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13
Q

Continental drift

A

The idea that continents slowly move over Earth’s surface.

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14
Q

Constructive force

A

A force that builds up mountains and landmasses on Earth’s surface.

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15
Q

Destructive force

A

A force that slowly wears away mountains and other features on the surface of Earth.

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16
Q

Main layers of Earth

A

Crust, Mantle, Core

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17
Q

Individual layers of Earth

A

Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

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18
Q

Mantle

A

Middle layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s Crust and Core

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19
Q

Inner Core

A

Made of solid iron, also causes the magnetic fields due to its spinning.

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20
Q

Heat transfer

A

Three types- radiation, conduction and convection.

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21
Q

Radiation

A

Sunlight is radiation that warms Earth’s surface. It is heat that is felt, there is no contact between the neat source and object.

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22
Q

Conduction

A

Ex. Pot and spoon. The heat is transferred from the pot onto the spoon with physical contact.

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23
Q

Convection

A

It is caused by differences in temperature and density within a fluid. The convection currents continue as long as heat is added.

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24
Pangea
The name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today's continents.
25
Alfred Wagner
German scientist that hypothesized that all the continents were once joined together as one single landmass.
26
Wagner's evidence
1. Land- Mountain range in South Africa lines up with one in South America 2. Fossils- Same ones found in places now separated by oceans. 3. Climate- Tropical plant fossils found in cold climates areas. Also deep scratches in rocks show places once had glaciers.
27
Wagner's theory rejected by everyone
Alfred couldn't explain the force that pushes and pulls the continents.
28
Mid-ocean Ridge
Undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; A divergent plate boundary
29
Subduction
The process by which oceanic crust sinks below the deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at the convergent plate boundary.
30
Plate tectonics
Theory that pieces of earth's lithosphere (plates) move. They move slowly and are driven by convection currents in the mantle
31
3 types of boundaries
1. Transform 2. Divergent 3. Convergent
32
Fossil
preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past.
33
How earths layers were formed
The earth got hot enough to where the most dense material sank to the middle and the least dense material rose to the top.
34
P-waves or Primary waves
Longitudinal waves that's are fastest and always arrive first.
35
S-waves or Secondary waves
Transverse waves that cannot travel through liquids, and also they are not detected on the other side of Earth. They are slower than primary waves and arrive second.
36
Aftershock
An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area.
37
Tsunami
An earthquake underneath the ocean floor causes this massive wave to form. They get bigger and more powerful the closer they get to the shoreline.
38
Base-isolated buildings
A building mounted on bearings designed to absorb the energy of an earthquake.
39
Best way to protect yourself in an earthquake
Drop, cover, hold
40
Devices that monitor earthquakes
- creep meters - laser ranging - tiltmeters - satellite monitor
41
Why is the risk of an earthquake higher on the pacific coast?
On the pacific coast is where a major fault is. (Saint Andreas Fault)
42
Can earthquakes be predicted?
No, they cannot be predicted. They can occur at anyplace at anytime.
43
How were the Hawaiian islands formed?
The undersea volcanic chain eventually erupted so many times, with thousands of layers of lava building up, the land surfaced.
44
Why does magma rise?
Heat causes it to become less dense and rise.
45
Types of volcanos
- cinder cone - shield - composite
46
The pipe
A long tube through which magma moves from the magma chamber to Earth's surface.
47
Silica content in magma
Magma high in silica- light colored lava, flows slowly, and produces pumice. Magma low in silica- dark colored lava, flows quickly, and produces basalt.
48
Pahoehoe
Hotter lava and faster moving
49
Hot spring
Water heated from magma close to the surface. Some people can actually sit in it like a hot tub.
50
Geothermal energy
Energy that is made by the heat inside Earth's crust. It's clean and sustainable.
51
Hazards of quiet eruptions
Volcanic gasses, ashes and lava.
52
Lava plateau
Lava that forms in high areas.
53
Dome mountain
Rising magma is blocked by horizontal layers of rock.
54
Volcanos on Venus
Venus has shield volcanos like here on Earth.
55
Island arc
A curved chain of islands located at a tectonic plate margin, typically with a deep ocean trench on the convex side.
56
Batholith
A mass of rock
57
Caldera
When the top of a volcano collapses
58
Volcanic neck
Hardened magma in the pipe.
59
What causes magma to erupt
Internal gas pressure- as the gas bubbles escape they push the magma out.
60
Silica
A hard, unreactive, colorless compound.
61
Energy
The ability to do work or cause change
62
What energy is measured in
Joules
63
Types of energy
- mechanical - thermal - chemical - nuclear - electrical - electromagnetic
64
Fossil fuel
Coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
65
Where does the energy in fossil fuels come from?
Energy is stored in the fossil fuels, they do not create it, it comes from the sun. The process is called combustion.
66
Law of conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
67
Subduction
The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath the deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at the convergent plate boundary.
68
Location of new and old crust in a subduction zone.
New crust- closest to the mid ocean ridge | Old crust- furthest from the mid ocean ridge.

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