Chapter 2 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

How are active and passive transport the same? How are they different?

A

They both move molecules across a cell membrane. Active transport uses cellular energy, while passive transport does’t use any cellular energy.

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2
Q

What are cells? and what are they made of?

A

Cells are parts of an organism that carry out all of its functions and are made of organelles.

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3
Q

What role does water play in cells?

A

Most chemical reactions in cells depend on substances that must be dissolved in water to react.

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4
Q

What are the level of organization in a multicellular organism?

A

Cell, tissue, organ. organ system, organism

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5
Q

How can you distinguish a plant cell from an animal cell? give at least three examples.

A

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts and also do not contain Lysosomes

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6
Q

How are the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi apparatus related?

A

The endoplasmic reticulum produces the substances that the golgi apparatus sorts and ships.

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7
Q

What did Leeuwenhoek’s observations reveal?

A

He observed unicellular organisms from pond water.

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8
Q

How are compounds different from elements?

A

Compounds are more than one element chemically combined, and an element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down.

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9
Q

Name the four main groups of organic molecules in living things. Describe the function of each molecule.

A

Lipids- stores energy for later use.
Carbohydrates- breaks down starch into sugars to use for energy
Proteins- speeds up chemical reactions in living things
Nucleic Acid- the instructions the cell needs to carry out all functions of life

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10
Q

What are two examples of passive transport? describe each.

A

diffusion-the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
osmosis- the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane

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11
Q

What are two examples of active transport? describe each.

A

endocytosis- when a cell membrane changes shape and engulfs a particle
exocytosis- the vacuole fuses with the membrane, the membrane then forms an opening to the outside and spills out the content of the vacuole.

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12
Q

What does it mean for a membrane to be selectively permeable?

A

The membrane will only allow specific substances to pass through.

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13
Q

State the cell theory.

A
  • all living things are composed of cells
  • cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
  • all cells are produced from other cells
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14
Q

What was Hooke’s discovery?

A

Hooke discovered cork cells, which would have been impossible to observe without the invention of the microscope.

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