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PSYCH 104 > FINAL (1st chapters BIO) > Flashcards

FINAL (1st chapters BIO) Flashcards

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1
Q

Mind

A

internal, covert behaviours

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2
Q

Behaviour

A

External, Overt behaviour

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3
Q

Monism

A

Mind and body are the same thing (not seperate)

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4
Q

Dualism

A

Mind is intangible, non physical thing
Body is physical and separate entity

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5
Q

Structuralism

A

school of thought focused on analyzing the basic elements of the mind

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6
Q

Functionalism

A

school of thought that focuses on the purpose and adaptive functions of consciousness.

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7
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective

A

Unconscious mind influences human behaviour
HYSTERIA (blindness)
* Jean-Martin Charcot & Pierre Janet: seeked to treat patients with symptoms that had no apparent physical cause
* Freud and his psychoanalytic theory

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8
Q

Behaviourism

A

Perspective focused on the influence the
environment has on physical, observable behaviour
* The mind and other internal conscious components are considered irrelevant

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9
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

mind organizes and combines stimuli to
create a wholistic perceptual experience
* The whole is more than the sum of its parts
* Perception is subjective

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9
Q

cognitive psychology

A

internal, mental processes such as thought, reasoning, memory, and perception

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10
Q

Developmental Psychology

A
  • Abilities are not static, they change with age
  • Patterns of development are fairly stable across
    individuals
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11
Q

Social Psychology

A
  • People make assumptions that influence their actions
  • People’s behaviour can influence others’ behaviour
  • People are reactive
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12
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

Interested in how natural selection has shaped the human mind and it’s abilities

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13
Q

Cultural Psychology

A

Interested in how culture influences behaviour

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14
Q

Classical (or pavlovian) conditioning

A

Through experience (learning), a stimulus in the environment can come to elicit a physical response

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15
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

relationship between the brain and the mind
(especially in humans)

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15
Q

Neuroscience

A

Interested in function of the brain

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16
Q

Behavioural neuroscience

A

Relationship between the brain and behaviour
(especially in nonhuman animals)

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17
Q

Descriptive Research

A

How common is X? when does Y occur?

PROS: Can describe variables of interest
CONS: Do not learn about relationships or causality and Cannot manipulate measured variables

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18
Q

Experimental research

A

Detection of cause-and-effect relationships

manipulating one variable under controlled conditions so that resulting changes in another variable can be observed

Does X cause Y? if we manipulate X, how does Y change in response?

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18
Q

Correlation Research

A

Two measured variables (related concepts)

Are X and Y related? if X changes, how will Y change?

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19
Q

Representative sample

A

Reflects the important characteristics of the population

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20
Q

Random sampling

A

Every member of the population has an equal probability of being chosen to participate

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21
Q

Positive correlations

A

increase in one variable relates to an
increase in the other (0 to +1)

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22
Q

Negative correlations

A

increase in one variable relates to a
decrease in the other (0 to -1)

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23
Q

Zero Correlations

A

NO relationship (0)

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24
Q

Power

A

How certain are we that we could find a relationship if it actually exists in the population

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25
Q

Reliability

A

How consistent is our measure or manipulation

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26
Q

Validity

A

Technique measures what it is designed to measure

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27
Q

Concepts of ethics

A

We have ethical limits…

The principle of respect for persons
Principle of beneficence
Principle of Justice

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28
Q

Neurons

A

Electrical signal transmission and chemical signal transmission

send sensory info from body to brain and carry commands from brain to body

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29
Q

Motor neuron

A

carries commands to the muscles and organs

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30
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Carry information from the body and outside world into brain and spinal cord

31
Q

Interneurons

A

neurons which connect one neuron to another in the same part of brain or spinal cord

32
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical substances that carry messages across
the synapse to either excite other neurons, or
inhibit their firing

33
Q

Occipital lobe links with?

A

Vision

34
Q

Dendrites

A

Signals coming in

34
Q

Axon terminals

A

Signals going out

34
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Increases speed

35
Q

Polarization

A

a state in which there is a difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of the neuron

36
Q

Voltage

A

measure of the difference in electrical charge between two points

37
Q

Resting potential

A

difference in charge between inside & outside of membrane of a neuron at rest (hyperpolarization)

38
Q

When the cell is at rest and our ion channels open and inside gets more

A

NEGATIVE

39
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

Increase in electrical charge across a membrane
(more negative)
* Usually due to the inward flow of chloride ions or
outward flow of potassium ions

40
Q

Depolarization

A
41
Q

Repolarization

A
41
Q

Rate law

A

axon encodes stimulus intensity not in
the size of its action potential but in its firing rate

  • Action potentials are occurring at the same size. Stronger signals = more action potentials
42
Q

Excitation

A

INCREASES probability of neuron becoming ACTIVE

43
Q

Inhibition

A

DECREASES probability of neuron becoming active

44
Q

Agonist:

A

Drug increases activity at receptor

45
Q

Antagonist:

A

Drug decreases activity at receptor

46
Q

Direct

A

Drug binds at same site

47
Q

Indirect:

A

Drug binds at different site

48
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the back

49
Q

Ventral:

A

toward the stomach

50
Q

Anterior:

A

toward the front

51
Q

Posterior:

A

toward the rear

52
Q

Superior:

A

above another structure

53
Q

Inferior:

A

below another structure

54
Q

Lateral:

A

toward the side

55
Q

Medial:

A

toward the middle

56
Q

Cerebellum is important for..

A

balance, body movements and learning

57
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensation perception related

58
Q

Hypothalamus

A

related to endocrine system, body balance

59
Q

Which scans are good in terms of activity vs. structure, which ones are fastest or more refined detail

A

MRI is normally the best

60
Q

Hindbrain

A

Vital functions and coordinating movements

61
Q

Midbrain

A

Reflex actions and voluntary movements

62
Q

Forebrain

A

Highly developed, numerous functions

63
Q

Reticular formation:

A

Helps to regulate awareness and attention (sleep and awareness)

64
Q

Amygdala

A

Emotion (fight or flight)

65
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory gateway

66
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Movement, reward

67
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates body function

68
Q

Hippocampus

A

Form memories

69
Q

Endocrine systems

A

Chemicals moving through the bloodstream (fight or flight responses)

Drive theory and hunger

70
Q

Brocas area

A

Speech formation

71
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

speech understanding

72
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

sight

73
Q

cerebellum

A

motor control

74
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Voluntary Movement

PSYCH 104 (6 decks)

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