Chapter 3

Question 1

Neurons

Answer 1

Cells that convey sensory information from body into brain and transmit commands from brain to body

Question 2

Motor neuron

Answer 2

Carries commands to muscles and organs

Question 3

Sensory neurons

Answer 3

Carry information from body and outside world → brain + spinal cord

Question 4

Interneurons

Answer 4

Connect one neuron to another in same part of brain or spinal cord

Question 5

Polarization

Answer 5

State where there is difference in electrical charge between inside and outside of neuron

Question 6

Voltage

Answer 6

Difference in electrical charge between 2 points

Question 7

Resting potential

Answer 7

Charge between inside and outside of member of neuron at rest

Question 8

Ions

Answer 8

Atoms that lost or gained electrons

Question 9

Force of diffusion

Answer 9

Tendency of Ions to move through membrane to less concentrated side (high → low concentration)

Question 10

Electrostatic pressure

Answer 10

Force where ions are repelled from similarly charged, attracted to opposite

Question 11

Sodium potassium pump

Answer 11

Large protein molecules move sodium ions through cell membrane outside, potassium Ions inside

Question 12

Ion channels

Answer 12

Gated pores, limit flow of ions in and out of cell (chemically gated: neurotransmitters or hormones) (electrically gated: change in electrical potential of membrane)

Question 13

Local potential

Answer 13

Partial depolarization ( toward zero) (graded)

Question 14

Action potential

Answer 14

Abrupt depolarization of membrane allows neurons to communicate (ungraded) ( one or the other)

Question 15

Hyperpolarization

Answer 15

Increase in electrical charge across membrane (-)