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Kinesiology 2700 > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

SFT: 1. __ in neuron results in release of __ into synaptic cleft

A

Action potential(AP)
Acetylcholine (Ach)

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2
Q

Muscle fibers shortening/lengthening when actin and myosin slide past each other

A

Sliding Filament theory

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3
Q

SFT: 2. __ binds with receptors on motor endplate leading to __ in __

A

Ach
AP
muscle fiber

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4
Q

SFT: 3. AP in muscle fiber results in release of __ from __

A

Calcium (Ca+)
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

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5
Q

SFT: 4. Ca+ binds to __ & __ moves away from active site on actin

A

Troponin
Tropomyosin

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6
Q

SFT: 5. Myosin head attaches to actin forming a __ pulling actin towards center of __

A

Crossbridge
Sarcomere

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7
Q

TF: ALL muscle fibers contract and produce force

A

True

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8
Q

High oxidative capacity & fatigue resistant

A

Type I muscle fiber (slow ox)

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9
Q

Moderate oxidative and anaerobic capacity with some fatigue resistance

A

Type IIa muscle fiber (fast oxidative glycolytic)

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10
Q

High anaerobic capacity and fatigue easily

A

Type IIx muscle fiber (fast glycolytic)

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11
Q

Muscle with high composition of type I fibers

A

Soleus

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12
Q

Muscle with mixture of type I and type II fibers

A

Quadriceps

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13
Q

Weight bearing exercises increase bone…

A

mineral density

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14
Q

Basic unit of the nervous system

A

Nueron

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15
Q

Conducts impulses from CNS to muscles

A

Motor (efferent) neurons

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16
Q

Carries information from periphery/muscle to CNS

A

Sensory (afferent) nuerons

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17
Q

Band containing both thin and thick filaments

A

A band

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18
Q

Band containing only actin(thin) filaments

A

I band

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19
Q

Zone middle of A-bands

A

H Zone

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20
Q

Line middle of H-zone

A

M-line

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21
Q

Oxygen transport is carried via __

A

Hemoglobin

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22
Q

Measure of the force required to maintain blood flow

A

Total peripheral résistance

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23
Q

TPR: Vessels constricting/dilating alter _ _

A

Blood flow

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24
Q

Amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute

A

Cardiac Output

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25
Q

Equation for Cardiac output

A

SV x HR

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26
Q

Greater stretch of LV = more forceful contraction & greater volume of blood leaving V

A

Frank-Starling Principle

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27
Q

Conversion of food into biologically usable forms of energy

A

Bioenergetics

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28
Q

Total of all catabolic and anabolic reactions

A

Metabolism

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29
Q

Increased reliance on anaerobic mechanisms

A

Lactate Threshold

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30
Q

3 energy systems to replace energy

A

Phosphagen (anaerobic)
Glycolytic (anaerobic)
Oxidative (aerobic)

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31
Q

Energy stored in its chemical bonds is used for muscular growth and activity

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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32
Q

Source of ATP for short-term, high intensity activities

A

Phosphagen system

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33
Q

Enzyme broken down to replenish ATP in Phosphagen System

A

Creatine phosphate (CP)

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34
Q

Breakdown of glucose and glycogen to replenish ATP

A

Glycolysis

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35
Q

Rate limiting enzyme for Glycolytic system

A

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

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36
Q

Source of ATP for high intensity activities >= 2 mins

A

Glycolytic system

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37
Q

Source of ATP at rest and during aerobic activities

A

Oxidative system

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38
Q

Energy substrates in Oxidative system

A

Carbohydrates and fats

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39
Q

Lactate Threshold & VO2max

A

Lactate threshold reflects aerobic endurance and VO2max reflects aerobic potential from O2 consumption

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40
Q

Application of mechanical principles to understand function of living organisms and systems

A

Biomechanics

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41
Q

Divides body into left and right

A

Sagittal plane

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42
Q

Divides body into front and back

A

Frontal plane

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43
Q

Divides body into upper and lower

A

Transverse plane

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44
Q

Sagittal plane movements (4)

A

Flexion (decrease)
Extension (increase)
Dorsiflexion (decrease)
Plantar flexion(increase)

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45
Q

Frontal plane movements (5)

A

Abduction (away)
Adduction (toward)
R/L Lateral flexion (decrease)
Inversion (toward)
Eversion (away)

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46
Q

Transverse plane movements (5)

A

Internal rotation
External rotation
Horizontal Abduction
Horizontal Adduction
R/L rotation

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47
Q

Mechanical action that can produce, change, or stop the motion of the body

A

Force

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48
Q

Rotational effect of a force about an axis (Force that causes rotation)

A

Torque

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49
Q

Perpendicular distance from the axis to line of force action

A

Moment Arm

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50
Q

Newton’s 1st Law

A

Object in motion stays in motion (until acted on by Force)

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51
Q

Newton’s 2nd Law

A

Acceleration of an object is directly proportional to F and mass (F=ma)

52
Q

Newton’s 3rd Law

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

53
Q

Lever: Axis is located between the resistive and applied forces (Af,A,Rf)

A

1st Class Lever

54
Q

Lever: Resistative Force is located between Axis and Applied Force (A,Rf,Af)

A

2nd Class Lever

55
Q

Lever: Applied Force is located between Axis and Resistive Force (A,Af,Rf)

A

3rd Class Lever

56
Q

Which class lever is seen the most in the human body?

A

3rd class lever

57
Q

Changes that occur during and shortly after a training session

A

Acute responses

58
Q

Changes that occur after repeated training sessions and persist over time

A

Chronic adaptations

59
Q

Acute response to RT (AAD)

A

-Alterations in recruitment of motor units
-Accumulation of metabolites
-Depletion of CP

60
Q

Chronic Adaptations to RT (check Ch.5 for full) (STF)

A

-Strength gains in first 1-2 months
-Tendon adaptations to RT
-Fiber subtype shift from Type IIx to IIa

61
Q

Factors influencing adaptations in training area and body (4)

A

-Specificity
-Age
-Genetics
-Sex

62
Q

What type of macro should always be included in meals?

A

Carbohydrates

63
Q

Macronutrient to repair and build tissue with some oxidized for energy

A

Protein

64
Q

Primary fuel for athletic performance

A

Carbohydrate

65
Q

Amount of energy the body needs to perform functions at rest / Largest contributor to total energy requirement

A

Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

66
Q

Difficult to obtain directly; involves measuring caloric intake for stable body weight

A

Estimated Energy Requirements (EER)

67
Q

Factors that can increase RMR (GYGAH)

A

-Gaining lean muscle tissue
-Young age
-Growth
-Abnormal body temperature
-Hyperthyroidism

68
Q

Factors that can decrease RMR (LLH)

A

-Low Caloric intake
-Loss of lean muscle tissue
-Hypothyroidism

69
Q

3 Factors influencing energy requirements

A

-RMR
-Physical activity
-Thermic effect on food

70
Q

To fuel for before exercise, consume ___ mL/kg water 4 hours prior

A

5-7

71
Q

To fuel for after exercise, consume ___ oz/lb water of weight lost

A

20-24

72
Q

After exercise, consume __-rich foods to replace lost electrolytes and enhance rehydration

A

Sodium

73
Q

TF: Dietary supplements cannot claim to diagnose, prevent, cure, or treat disease

A

True

74
Q

Thermic Effect of food is associated with what macronutrient?

A

Protein

75
Q

How many ATP?

A

3

76
Q

Lactate threshold untrained athletes %

A

70-80%

77
Q

Lactate threshold trained athletes %

A

90%

78
Q

The _ the exercise intensity, the _ amount of time the exercise can be performed

A

Higher, Lower

79
Q

Increase blood flow on the onset of aerobic exercise is due to _ of sympathetic NS and _ of parasympathetic NS

A

Increase, Decrease

80
Q

Genetic factors influence -% in difference of individuals for max aerobic capacity

A

20-30

81
Q

_ &_ over training results in predominantly high aerobic intensity

A

Aerobic and volume

82
Q

_ & _ decreases with aerobic training for overreaching and overtraining

A

RHR, max HR

83
Q

Setting personal record of bench press is example of what?

A

Task involved goals

84
Q

Winning a bodybuilding competition is an example of what?

A

Ego involved goal

85
Q

What is correct for aspect of dynamic flexibility?

A

Done before workout

86
Q

Shoes should be changed __ or __

A

300-500 miles or 6 months

87
Q

Clients accustomed to running outdoors find it easier to run indoors on treadmill if it is inclined at what % gradient increase?

A

1%

88
Q

Target HR is found by?

A

Training Intensity % + RHR

89
Q

What is the approximate stair stepping depth when plyometrics is done?

A

4-8 inches? (slides say 4-12)

90
Q

HRR is found by what?

A

Max HR - Rest HR

91
Q

Castro is planning a half marathon in under 2 hours, what is an appropriate long distance workout?

A

Running more than half marathon

92
Q

If individual aims to run a 5K race at a pace of 7.5mph, what considered a pace tempo training time?

A

3-5 min at 6-6.5mph resting of 30-90min intervals

93
Q

Age predicted HRmax Calculation (bpm)

A

220-age

94
Q

Castro’s favorite exercises

A

Burpees
Running
?

95
Q

TF: I learned a lot in this class

A

True

96
Q

Advantage of machine based training

A

Perform single or multijointed movements without a spotter

97
Q

Which group cannot benefit on resistant machine exercises?

A

Trick Question

98
Q

Standard weight of Olympic barbell

A

45lb/20kg

99
Q

Grip for shoulder barbell press

A

Pronated/overhand

100
Q

Grip for DB wrist curl exercise

A

Supinated/underhand

101
Q

Grip for hammer curl exercise

A

Nuetral

102
Q

Following points of contact for bench and floor

A

5pt body contact prone/supine

103
Q

When spotting overhead chest flys, where would spotter spot?

A

Wrists

104
Q

Rule: Explosive or Power exercises should be done when? Should they be spotted?

A

First, No

105
Q

Following exercises have the greatest movement patterns specific for volleyball players?

A

Power clean

106
Q

Perfect weight to modify program?

A

Quantity overload/increase weight lifted

107
Q

Logical physical manipulation of training factors are known as what?

A

Periodization

108
Q

Used to target muscles as many repetitions for extended period of time

A

Muscular endurance

109
Q

Increase in muscle size

A

Hypertrophy

110
Q

If older client wants to better get up/down stairs, tell them to focus on what type of training?

A

Strength

111
Q

To jump higher, work on what type of training ?

A

Power

112
Q

Training frequency expressed in # of workouts/unit of time in smallest measurement of periodization is how long?

A

Microcycle (1 week)

113
Q

Recommended Days of week for total body RT for an intermediate?

A

Minimum 3 days

114
Q

With a split routine, rec days of week

A

4 days a week minimum

115
Q

Novice should have workout at least _ day between total body workouts

A

1

116
Q

General recommendations for Advanced individuals to allow for training stimulation to increase

A

3-6 days

117
Q

Core exercises involve _ joints to engage and improve synergistic movement

A

2

118
Q

A structural exercises is also loading what type of the skeleton?

A

Axial

119
Q

What is not classified as assisted exercise?

A

1 joint

120
Q

Correct order of exercise: Power, Core, Assistance

A

Power Core Assistance

121
Q

What constitutes a super set?

A

Back to back workouts no rest (same muscle group or opposite muscle groups)

122
Q

Heaviest load on assistance exercises?

A

8 reps

123
Q

If client records a set and reports a perceived exertion of 9 or 10 RPE, it will correspond to how many reps of work?

A

1 (hardest load)

124
Q

Known ranges of reps for S, P, Hyp, ME

A

-Strength: 1-2 / 1-10 sets
-Power: 3-5 / Varies?
-Hypertrophy: 6-12 / 3-5 sets
-Muscular Endurance: 15+ reps / 1-4 sets

125
Q

Micronutrients

A

Vitamins, minerals

Kinesiology 2700 (5 decks)

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