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Kinesiology 2700 > Ch.l Mn&s Systems > Flashcards

Ch.l Mn&s Systems Flashcards

1
Q

System that initiates and modifies activity of muscles

A

Nervous system

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2
Q

System that generates force to rotate body about joint

A

Muscular system

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3
Q

System that rotates bones which provide movement of the body

A

Skeletal system

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4
Q

Bundle of fascicles that are surrounded by epimysium

A

Muscle

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5
Q

Bundle of muscle fibers that surround permission

A

Fascicles

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6
Q

Muscle cell that is surrounded by endomysium

A

Muscle fibers

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7
Q

What do myofilaments have

A

Actin(thin)
Myosin(thick)

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8
Q

Sliding filament theory

A

Theory that when actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, it generates muscle tension/contraction

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9
Q

Outer layer of nucleus

A

Sarcolemma

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10
Q

5 parts of Skeletal muscle fiber cell

A

Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasm
Sarcoplasmic reticulum SR
T-Tubules
Mitochondria

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11
Q

What is between the Z-lines within sarcomere

A

H-zone
I-band
A-band

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12
Q

Basic contractile unit

A

Sarcomere

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13
Q

Protein structures within the cell that contains myofilaments

A

Myofibril

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14
Q

Head attaches to & pulls on actin filament while connected to z-line

A

Myosin (thick)

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15
Q

Surrounded by regulating tryponin I typomyosin

A

Actin (thin)

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16
Q

Region of communication between a neuron and a muscle fiber

A

Neuromuscular junction

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17
Q

Parts of the motor neuron involved in neuromuscular junction

A

Axon terminal
Synaptic cleft
Motor end plate

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18
Q

___ neuromuscular junction per muscle fiber

A

1

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19
Q

SFT: AP in neuron results in release of __ into synaptic cleft

A

Acetylcholine (Ach)

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20
Q

SFT: __ binds w/ receptors on __ leading to generation of an action potential in muscle fiber

A

Ach

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21
Q

SFT: AP in muscle fiber results in release of __ from __

A

Calcium Ca+
SR

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22
Q

SFT: Ca+ binds to _ & _ moves away from active site on actin

A

Troponin
Tropomyosin

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23
Q

SFT: Myosin head attaches to _ forming a crossbridge pulling the _ towards the center of sarcomere

A

Actin

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24
Q

Muscle fiber shortness or lengthens when

A

Actin and myosin slide past each other

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25
Q

A muscles action depends on the interaction between the _ and an external force like…

A

Muscle force
Gravity,object, etc

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26
Q

Action: muscle force>external resistance

A

Concentric action

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27
Q

Action: muscle force<external resistance

A

Eccentric action

28
Q

Pain/discomfort 24-48hrs after exercise due to muscle damage during ECCENTRIC muscle action

A

Delayed-onset muscle soreness DOMS

29
Q

Action: muscle force=external resistance

A

Isometric(static) action

30
Q

__ contract and produce force but differ in their contractile performance

A

All muscle fibers

31
Q

High oxidative capacity and fatigue resistant

A

Type I (slow oxidative)

32
Q

Moderate oxidative and anaerobic capacity w/ some fatigue resistance

A

Type IIa (fast oxidative glycolytic)

33
Q

High anaerobic capacity and fatigue easily

A

Type IIx (fast glycolytic)

34
Q

T/F: A continuum exists within fiber types for adaptation

A

True

35
Q

Muscle w high composition of Type I fibers

A

Soleus

36
Q

Muscle that has mix of type I and type II fibers

A

Quadriceps

37
Q

Structural division nervous systems

A

CNS AND PNS

38
Q

Subdivisions of Structural divisions

A

Motor (efferent) division
Sensory (Afferent) division

39
Q

Functional division nervous systems

A

SNS AND ANS

40
Q

What NS has voluntary functions

A

Somatic nervous system

41
Q

What NS has involuntary functions

A

Autonomic nervous system

42
Q

Fight or flight response

A

Sympathetic

43
Q

Rest and digest response

A

Parasympathetic

44
Q

Basic unit in NS

A

Neurons

45
Q

Nueron that conducts impulses from CNS to muscle

A

Motor (efferent) nuerons

46
Q

Neuron that carries info from periphery to CNS

A

Sensory (Afferent) nuerons

47
Q

What helps with preventing injury within sensory neuron?

A

Muscle spindle
Golgi tendon organ GTO

48
Q

Senses rate of change in muscle length within muscle

A

Muscle spindle

49
Q

Activation results in myotatic or stretch reflex =

A

Concentric action of the same muscle

50
Q

Muscle spindles are active during specific activities such as…

A

Plyometrics
Snatch, clean, jerk
Jumping

51
Q

Protective role within sensory neurons located at junction of muscle & tendon

A

Golgi Tendon Organ GTO

52
Q

GTO: Activation results in … of the acting muscle and stimulates antagonist

A

Relaxation

53
Q

GTO: TF: prevents injury due to excessive force

A

True

54
Q

A motor neuron & muscle fibers it innervates which contains all the same fiber types

A

Motor unit

55
Q

MU: Vary the number that are recruited

A

Motor unit recruitment

56
Q

Motor units are recruited from small type I and larger type II

A

Size principle

57
Q

Increase in firing rate of activated motor units

A

Rate coding

58
Q

Functions of Skeletal system (4)

A

•Movement
•Storage of minerals (e.g., calcium)
•Site of blood cell formation
•Protect organs and spinal cord

59
Q

How many bones in body?

A

206

60
Q

SS: two anatomical divisions

A

•Axial skeleton: skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs
•Appendicular skeleton: bones of the upper and lower limbs

61
Q

Two types of bones

A

•Cortical
•Cancellous (spongy)

62
Q

Bone adapts in response to stress

A

Wolffs law

63
Q

WL: weight bearing exercises increase…

A

Bone interval density

64
Q

Attached muscle to bone and is primarily inelastic proteins

A

Tendons

65
Q

Connects bones to other bones and contains elastic protein elastin

A

Ligaments

Kinesiology 2700 (4 decks)

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