Final Flashcards
Major changes during Horse Evo
Reduce # digits, longer legs, teeth to foragte, increase in size and brain complexity
The racing sector of the equine industry brings in the largest percentage of value and the largest number of jobs.
true
oldest purebred horse with refined bone and face structure
arabian
most common draft breen in US
belgain
selectively bred by Nez Perce tribe
appaloosa
largest breed registry horse
quarter horse
driving force in equine evolution
climate change
per capitca consumption of eggs
249 eggs/person/year
largest egg production states
50% of all eggs
iowa, ohio, indiana, pennsylvania, cali
nutritional value of eggs
protein, viatmins, A, D, E, folic acid, riboflavin, B12, pantothenic acid, minerals’ phosphorus, iodine, iron, zinc
shell
outer covering. calcium carbonate. white or brown. color does not affect anything
air cell
pocket of air in egg. caused by contraction of contents during cooling after laying. grows as cell ages.
shell membranes.
two membranes. surround albumen. provide protective barrier against bacteria. air cells form between nthe membranes.
thin albumne (white)
nearest to shell, spreads around thick white
thick albumen (white)
source of ribolavin and protein. higher and spreads less in higher grade eggs.
chaiazae
twisted, cordlike strands of white. anchor yolk in center. prominence indicates frehsness.
vitelline (yolk) membrane
holds yolk centered
germinal disc
on yolk
yolk
yello. vitamins, minerals, fat
grading eggs
interior and exterior quality. no dif in nutritive value. based on freshness. size of air cell and thinness of egg white
grade AA
tall. firm yolk. area covered by white is small. lots of thick white. small air cell
grade A
round yolk and upstanding. more thick white.
grade B
spreads out more. flattened yolk, same amont of thick and thin white.
egg sizes
classified according to minimun net weight expressed in ounces per DOZEN
egg sizes influenced by
hen age, breed, environment,
what are the egg sizes
jumbo, extra large, large, medium, small, peewee
common pet species
dogs, cats, birds, fish, rabbits, guinea pigs, snakes
who owns pets
families with children most likely. older than 65 who live alone least likely. greater income, more likely to have pet. homeowners more likely. more people, more likely
pets
kept for pleasure
companion animals
animal where owner has intense emotional ties
ornamental pets
decorate and enhance atmosphere. birds or fish
status symbols
wolves gave status. prebred more status. unusual, rare, expensive animls more status
playthings
pets as playthings. hunting and riding.
hobby animals.
displayed by owners in organized exhibitions
worker, helper, service animals
herding, pulling sleds, police dogs, search and rescue, water rescue, drug
breeds of dogs
400-450. 170 recognized
purebred catergories
sporting, hounds, working, terriers, toy, nonsporting, herding, miscellaneous
most common dog breeds
labs, frenchies, german shep, golden retreiver, bulldogs, poodles, beagles, rottweilers, german shorthaired pointers, dachshunds
cat breeds
not as many breeds. less uses. vermin-controlling. pets
natural breeds
abyssinian, birman, burmese, chartreux, maine coon, egyption mau
human-devloped breeds
burmese x amershortair = bombay. siamese x persian = himalayan
sponteous mutations
amer curl, amer bobtial, cornish rex
structure of pet food industry
generic: juvenile, adult, senior.
specialty: weight control, urinary health, dental health, odor control, joint health, dermatitis
features of pet foods
not least-cost formulations.
livestock v companion
livestock: ADG. F:G, food production, cost of prodution, high energy requirments, rapid growth, repro, milk production
companion animal: quality of life, coat appearance, stool volume, longevity, disease prevention, wellness, low energy requirements,
challenges to companion animal health
cancer, allergic skin disease,pymetra, endocrine (diabetes)
TF cows goats and horses all have an angerage length of 21 for estrous
true
TF dogs were last domesticated
F
TF sheep and. horses are seasonal polyestrous
T
TF act of giving birth is dystocia
F
TF oviduct part of female repor tract wehere fert takes place
T
TF single most importnat economic consideration for livestock enerprise is repro efficienty
T
what hormone is precursor for gonadotropin hormone
GnRH
structure on ovary that produces progesterone
CL
what percentage of people work in ag in US
1.5%
characteristics of animals that were domesticated
live in groups, dominance hierarchy, repro in captivity, tolerated humans
expedenture for food
15%
females do not exhibit estrous
anestrous
advantage of AI
disease control
crossing two dif breeds
crossbreeding
first stage of domestication
animals and humans live in close proximity
which speices not domesticated in old world
chicken
TF parturition is initiated by cortisol released from fetus
T
TF scrotal circumference size can be indcator of future daughters potential rate of maturity
T
mendels laws
law of dominance, segregation, independent assortment
roles of ovary
produce eggs, estrogen
3rd stage of birth
explusion of placental and uterine involution
TF insoluble carbs have beta bonds which are only broken up by microbial proteins
T
TF majority ofmethane prodcution from cows is expelled via flatulence
F
TF crude protein is amonth of nitrogen in feed x6.25
T
TF all meat is inspected in US
T
TF concentrates such as grains have highesr digestible energy than roughages
T
TF ADF measures cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin components of cell walls and is negatively correlated to feedintake
F
TF vent of chicken is where both fecal and urine are discreted
T
TF to be considred a protein supplement a crude protein needs to be above 15% of feedstuff
F
TF Belgian blues - double muscled breed
T
Term used to define increase in cell size
hypertrophy
most feed efficient to least efficient
fish, broiler, pig, cowq
essential amino acid
must be supplied in diet
what is fed to livestock that is high in fiber, low in digestible nutrients an dlow in energy
roughage
which nutrient has highest energy value
fats
what structure in young ruminants allows milk to bypass rumen
reticular groove
TDN
gross energy + fecal energy
whosale cuts of beef
round, loin, rib, chuck
non nutritive additive
ionophores
which types of animals can use non protein nitrogen efficiently
ruminants
which of the following anatomical features helps with prehension
lips, hands, tongue
macro mineral
calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus
TFAngora prodcues mohair
T
TF beef cattle industry runs on 5 year cycle of growh and decline of cattle inventory
T
set of birds iwth similar characteristics
breed
structure of beef industry
seedstock, commercial cow-calf, yearling stocker, farmer feeders, feedlots, packers
enterprises with more than 10 goats report that goas are used for
meat
fibers in sheep fleece
hair, wool, kemp
sotkcer operation
adds weight to weaned calves before finishing
commonly used breed of chicken for egg production in US
white leghorn
continental breeds were introduced to
increase size, increase muscle growth, increase herteroiss
young female pigs with no piglets
gilt
cause for greatest amonth of piglet mortalit
crushing
guard animal
dogs, donkey, llama
ranking of wool caracterics. most to least.
yeild, average staple length, crimp
optimal BCS
6
breeds developed in Us in Debois idaho sheep exepriment
polypay, targhee, columbia
