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Animal Science 1100 > Animal Science Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Animal Science Quiz 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

gross annnual income from sheep

A

460 M

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2
Q

consumption of sheep

A

> 1lb per capita

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3
Q

major utah counties for sheep

A

sanpete, box elder, iron, morgan, wasatch, cache

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4
Q

primary use of goats

A

fiber, milk, meat, pet

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5
Q

what do sheep and goats produce

A

meat, wool, mohair, milk, cheese

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6
Q

what is the most important aspect of pasture management

A

stocking rate

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7
Q

1000lb cow+ calf = ?sheep

A

5 sheep

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8
Q

1 cow+ calf = ?goats

A

6.7 goats

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9
Q

selection preferences of cattle and horses

A

grasses > forbs > browse

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10
Q

selection preferences of sheep

A

forbs > grasses > browse

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11
Q

selection preferences of goats

A

browse > forbs > grasses

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12
Q

minimal overlap in selection purposes allows multi-species grazing

A

can support 2-3 species, multiple income sources without an increase of land, grazing pressure isn’t increased

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13
Q

fencing?

A

significant barrier

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14
Q

predators?

A

predator control is imperative

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15
Q

guard animals

A

dogs, donkeys, llamas

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16
Q

maternal sheep - purpose

A

adaptable, hardy, above average fleece

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17
Q

terminal sheep- purpose

A

fast growth, heavy muscling, carcass quality

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18
Q

dual-purpose sheep- purpose

A

balance between terminal and maternal

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19
Q

dairy sheep- purpose

A

milk quantity and quality

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20
Q

wool types in sheep

A

fine, medium, long, coarse/carpet, hair

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21
Q

fine wool sheep breeds

A

merino, booroola merino

debouillet, coromo, delaine merino

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22
Q

medium wool sheep composite breeds in US

A

corriedale, columbia, polypay, targhee

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23
Q

medium wool meat sheep breeds US

A

suffolk, hampshire, texel, southdown, shropshire

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24
Q

medium wool dual prupose sheep

A

horned dorset, poll dorset

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25
Q

medium wool super-prolific sheep breeds

A

finnsheep/finnish landrace, romanov

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26
Q

medium wool dariy sheep

A

east friesian, lacaune

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27
Q

long wool sheep

A

romney, lincoln, border leicester, bluefaced leicester

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28
Q

carpet wool sheep

A

scottish blackface, herdwich, navajo churro

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29
Q

hair sheep breeds

A

barbados blackbelly, st croix, dorper, katahdin

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30
Q

goat breeds?

A

purpose and type, dairy v meat v fiber. milk - smaller fat particles, easier to digest, browse

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31
Q

alpine

A

switzerland/france, large, dairy, no distinct color, upright ears

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32
Q

la mancha

A

california, dairy, any color, short ears, gopher/elf ear

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33
Q

saanen

A

switzerland, largest, dairy, highest milk producer, white, forward ears

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34
Q

toggenburg

A

swiss, medium, second highest milk, fawn, white on face, high fat, wattles

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35
Q

nubian

A

most numerous, UK, large, dairy, dual purpose, any color, highest fat content, long pendulous ears

36
Q

boer

A

asia, s africa, white w brown head or brown w spots, pendulous ears, #1 meat breed in US

37
Q

spanish

A

US, small, meat, any color, rugged

38
Q

angora

A

himalayas, turkey, fiber, mohair, hardy, adaptable,

39
Q

cashmere - kashmir

A

india, asia, fiber, cashmere

40
Q

wool chemical composition

A

carbon 50.5%
H 6.8
O2 22
N 16.5
S (Cysteine) 3.7
Ash (K, Na, Ca, Al, Fe, P) - 0.5

41
Q

Lanolin Chemical
Composition

A

Alcohols:
Aliphatic alcohols 25.8%
cholesterol 38
trimethyl sterols 27.1
hydrocarbos 5.9

42
Q

hair - sheep

A

smoother than wool, does not accept dye, long

43
Q

kemp - sheep

A

shorter than wool, brittle, chalky white, sheds often, does not accept dye

44
Q

higher secondary follicle to primary follicle ratio

A

more wool fibers per kemp or hair in fine-wool sheep. have become less scratchy because of a smaller proportion of larger diameter fibers

45
Q

curvature of fiber

A

quantifes fiber crimp or waviness.

46
Q

staple length - wool

A

length of a staple of wool. important for spinning.

47
Q

factors affecting fleece traits

A

highly heritable, genetics is primary driver of differences, environmental diffs (nutrition, management) can have profound effects, age (fleece weight increases w age), nutrition (low qualtiy decreases qualtiy)

48
Q

most important for wool

A

yield, average fiber diameter

49
Q

major importance for wool

A

quantity, staple length, staple strength, color, colored fibers,

50
Q

secondary importance wool

A

variabiloity of fiber diameter/staple length, cotted or felted fleeces, crimp/resisitance to compression

51
Q

minor importance wool

A

condion of staple tips, age/breed/type, style/character/handle

52
Q

beef industry structure

A

seedstock producers - commercial cowcalf producers - yearling stocker operators - farmer feeders/feedlots - packers - restaurants/retail chains - consumers

53
Q

seedstock producers

A

70,000 to produce 60 breeds in US.

54
Q

top 6 breeds in US semen sales

A

angus, simmental, red angus, polled hereford, charolais, hereford

55
Q

commercial cow/calf producers

A

75,000 producers to raise 26 mil calves for market.

56
Q

why can cattle flourish in variety of cliamtes

A

they can utilize lower-value resources, (can’t grow crops or be used by humans in any other way)

57
Q

what influences how cows flourish

A

location, management, grazing, supplemental feed, genetics, breed, size, marketing

58
Q

positive aspects of diversity

A

mitigates weather risk, reduces widespread disease risk, stead, year round supply

59
Q

challenges of diversity

A

product uniformity and consistency, slow to change, profit motive

60
Q

stocker/yearling operators

A

add weight to weaned calves before finished at feedlot. 12.5 mil in US. 60% in plains states

61
Q

feedlots

A

feed from weaning/stocker to harvest weight/condititon (1100-1500), confined feeding operation, high grain ration, improved efficiency, lower greenhouse gas emissions

62
Q

feedlot location factors

A

feed proximity (corn), environment (temp, humidity, precipitation, wind), packer proximity (freight cost), labor availabiliyt

63
Q

packers

A

harvest cattle, fabricate into primals/subprimals (loin, rib, chuck, ribeye, tenderloin), sort and box beef

64
Q

retailers

A

walmart, kroger, safeway, costco, supervalue

65
Q

consumers

A

314 mil in US. changing demographics, 7 bil worldwide.

66
Q

beef demand drivers

A

personal expidentures, perception of nutrition, convenience, safety

67
Q

bos taurus

A

british, continental, cooler climates

68
Q

bos indicus

A

india, warmer climates, zebu (humped back, large dewlap, long horns)

69
Q

british cattle

A

maternal traits, smaller than continental,

70
Q

black angus

A

scottish, black or red, most popular breed in US, smaller frame, early maturing, easy marbling, dark color for no sunburn, certified angus beef

71
Q

red angus

A

red and black, 1950s, similar to black angus

72
Q

hereford

A

polled or horned, red with white markings, grow from grass and grain, rustling ability, early maturity and prolificacy, certified hereford beef

73
Q

shorthorn

A

n england, dual purpose, high milking abiolity, small early maturing, polled and horned

74
Q

continental

A

mature, larger frame size, termianl oriented, more lean product

75
Q

charolais

A

france, crossbreeding, walk, graze aggresively in warm weather, withstand cold, raise heavy calves, increased ruggedness

76
Q

chianina

A

italy, semen to US, 4000 lbs, whtie with dark pigment on nose and eyes, crossbreeding to increase fram size

77
Q

limousin

A

france, tan-brown-black, muscling, sturdiness, adaptability, crossbreeding

78
Q

maine-anjou

A

france, dual purpose, US thru AI, large mature size, muscled

79
Q

simmental

A

swiss, red and wshite, rapid growth development, crossbreeding to increase size and muscling

80
Q

bos indicus

A

excess skinn, warmer climates, hardy, longevity, athletci

81
Q

brahman

A

SW US from Zebu, light gray to black, hump, large drooping ears, disease and insect resisitant

82
Q

santa gertrudis

A

texas, 5/8 shorthorn, 3/8 brahman, cherry-red, heat and tick resisitant, calving easy, mothering, abundant milk, no hump, improved beef quality

83
Q

brangus

A

louisiana, 3/8 brahman, 5/8 angus, hardiness, solid black, polled

84
Q

brahman crosses

A

brangus, braford, beefmaster, bramousin

85
Q
A

Animal Science 1100 (4 decks)

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