Animal Science Quiz 3 Flashcards
1
Q
gross annnual income from sheep
A
460 M
2
Q
consumption of sheep
A
> 1lb per capita
3
Q
major utah counties for sheep
A
sanpete, box elder, iron, morgan, wasatch, cache
4
Q
primary use of goats
A
fiber, milk, meat, pet
5
Q
what do sheep and goats produce
A
meat, wool, mohair, milk, cheese
6
Q
what is the most important aspect of pasture management
A
stocking rate
7
Q
1000lb cow+ calf = ?sheep
A
5 sheep
8
Q
1 cow+ calf = ?goats
A
6.7 goats
9
Q
selection preferences of cattle and horses
A
grasses > forbs > browse
10
Q
selection preferences of sheep
A
forbs > grasses > browse
11
Q
selection preferences of goats
A
browse > forbs > grasses
12
Q
minimal overlap in selection purposes allows multi-species grazing
A
can support 2-3 species, multiple income sources without an increase of land, grazing pressure isn’t increased
13
Q
fencing?
A
significant barrier
14
Q
predators?
A
predator control is imperative
15
Q
guard animals
A
dogs, donkeys, llamas
16
Q
maternal sheep - purpose
A
adaptable, hardy, above average fleece
17
Q
terminal sheep- purpose
A
fast growth, heavy muscling, carcass quality
18
Q
dual-purpose sheep- purpose
A
balance between terminal and maternal
19
Q
dairy sheep- purpose
A
milk quantity and quality
20
Q
wool types in sheep
A
fine, medium, long, coarse/carpet, hair
21
Q
fine wool sheep breeds
A
merino, booroola merino
debouillet, coromo, delaine merino
22
Q
medium wool sheep composite breeds in US
A
corriedale, columbia, polypay, targhee
23
Q
medium wool meat sheep breeds US
A
suffolk, hampshire, texel, southdown, shropshire
24
Q
medium wool dual prupose sheep
A
horned dorset, poll dorset
25
medium wool super-prolific sheep breeds
finnsheep/finnish landrace, romanov
26
medium wool dariy sheep
east friesian, lacaune
27
long wool sheep
romney, lincoln, border leicester, bluefaced leicester
28
carpet wool sheep
scottish blackface, herdwich, navajo churro
29
hair sheep breeds
barbados blackbelly, st croix, dorper, katahdin
30
goat breeds?
purpose and type, dairy v meat v fiber. milk - smaller fat particles, easier to digest, browse
31
alpine
switzerland/france, large, dairy, no distinct color, upright ears
32
la mancha
california, dairy, any color, short ears, gopher/elf ear
33
saanen
switzerland, largest, dairy, highest milk producer, white, forward ears
34
toggenburg
swiss, medium, second highest milk, fawn, white on face, high fat, wattles
35
nubian
most numerous, UK, large, dairy, dual purpose, any color, highest fat content, long pendulous ears
36
boer
asia, s africa, white w brown head or brown w spots, pendulous ears, #1 meat breed in US
37
spanish
US, small, meat, any color, rugged
38
angora
himalayas, turkey, fiber, mohair, hardy, adaptable,
39
cashmere - kashmir
india, asia, fiber, cashmere
40
wool chemical composition
carbon 50.5%
H 6.8
O2 22
N 16.5
S (Cysteine) 3.7
Ash (K, Na, Ca, Al, Fe, P) - 0.5
41
Lanolin Chemical
Composition
Alcohols:
Aliphatic alcohols 25.8%
cholesterol 38
trimethyl sterols 27.1
hydrocarbos 5.9
42
hair - sheep
smoother than wool, does not accept dye, long
43
kemp - sheep
shorter than wool, brittle, chalky white, sheds often, does not accept dye
44
higher secondary follicle to primary follicle ratio
more wool fibers per kemp or hair in fine-wool sheep. have become less scratchy because of a smaller proportion of larger diameter fibers
45
curvature of fiber
quantifes fiber crimp or waviness.
46
staple length - wool
length of a staple of wool. important for spinning.
47
factors affecting fleece traits
highly heritable, genetics is primary driver of differences, environmental diffs (nutrition, management) can have profound effects, age (fleece weight increases w age), nutrition (low qualtiy decreases qualtiy)
48
most important for wool
yield, average fiber diameter
49
major importance for wool
quantity, staple length, staple strength, color, colored fibers,
50
secondary importance wool
variabiloity of fiber diameter/staple length, cotted or felted fleeces, crimp/resisitance to compression
51
minor importance wool
condion of staple tips, age/breed/type, style/character/handle
52
beef industry structure
seedstock producers - commercial cowcalf producers - yearling stocker operators - farmer feeders/feedlots - packers - restaurants/retail chains - consumers
53
seedstock producers
70,000 to produce 60 breeds in US.
54
top 6 breeds in US semen sales
angus, simmental, red angus, polled hereford, charolais, hereford
55
commercial cow/calf producers
75,000 producers to raise 26 mil calves for market.
56
why can cattle flourish in variety of cliamtes
they can utilize lower-value resources, (can't grow crops or be used by humans in any other way)
57
what influences how cows flourish
location, management, grazing, supplemental feed, genetics, breed, size, marketing
58
positive aspects of diversity
mitigates weather risk, reduces widespread disease risk, stead, year round supply
59
challenges of diversity
product uniformity and consistency, slow to change, profit motive
60
stocker/yearling operators
add weight to weaned calves before finished at feedlot. 12.5 mil in US. 60% in plains states
61
feedlots
feed from weaning/stocker to harvest weight/condititon (1100-1500), confined feeding operation, high grain ration, improved efficiency, lower greenhouse gas emissions
62
feedlot location factors
feed proximity (corn), environment (temp, humidity, precipitation, wind), packer proximity (freight cost), labor availabiliyt
63
packers
harvest cattle, fabricate into primals/subprimals (loin, rib, chuck, ribeye, tenderloin), sort and box beef
64
retailers
walmart, kroger, safeway, costco, supervalue
65
consumers
314 mil in US. changing demographics, 7 bil worldwide.
66
beef demand drivers
personal expidentures, perception of nutrition, convenience, safety
67
bos taurus
british, continental, cooler climates
68
bos indicus
india, warmer climates, zebu (humped back, large dewlap, long horns)
69
british cattle
maternal traits, smaller than continental,
70
black angus
scottish, black or red, most popular breed in US, smaller frame, early maturing, easy marbling, dark color for no sunburn, certified angus beef
71
red angus
red and black, 1950s, similar to black angus
72
hereford
polled or horned, red with white markings, grow from grass and grain, rustling ability, early maturity and prolificacy, certified hereford beef
73
shorthorn
n england, dual purpose, high milking abiolity, small early maturing, polled and horned
74
continental
mature, larger frame size, termianl oriented, more lean product
75
charolais
france, crossbreeding, walk, graze aggresively in warm weather, withstand cold, raise heavy calves, increased ruggedness
76
chianina
italy, semen to US, 4000 lbs, whtie with dark pigment on nose and eyes, crossbreeding to increase fram size
77
limousin
france, tan-brown-black, muscling, sturdiness, adaptability, crossbreeding
78
maine-anjou
france, dual purpose, US thru AI, large mature size, muscled
79
simmental
swiss, red and wshite, rapid growth development, crossbreeding to increase size and muscling
80
bos indicus
excess skinn, warmer climates, hardy, longevity, athletci
81
brahman
SW US from Zebu, light gray to black, hump, large drooping ears, disease and insect resisitant
82
santa gertrudis
texas, 5/8 shorthorn, 3/8 brahman, cherry-red, heat and tick resisitant, calving easy, mothering, abundant milk, no hump, improved beef quality
83
brangus
louisiana, 3/8 brahman, 5/8 angus, hardiness, solid black, polled
84
brahman crosses
brangus, braford, beefmaster, bramousin
85
