Animal Science Quiz 2 Flashcards
growth
increase in body weight until maturity
true growth
growth in structural tissues - excludes fat
development
directive coordination of all diverse processes until maturity is reached. involves growth, cellular differentiation, changes in body shape. Controlled by genetics.
maturity
state of being fully grown or developed. sexual and compositional maturity
chronological age
age in units of time.
physiological age
stages of development (puberty)
hyperplasia
increase in number of cells
hypertrophy
increase in cell size
order of devlopment - tissue
a) nervous. b) skeletal c) muscle d) fat
order of development - fat
a) perinephric b) intermuscular c) subcutaneous d) intramuscular
order of development - body area
a) head b) neck + shoulder c) hind limb d) rib and loin
perinephric
internal, kidney, pelvic, heart fat. leaf fat = kidney-pelvic
intermuscular
seam fat
subcutaneous
external fat, back fat
intramuscular
marbling, flank, streaking
efficiency of growth
units of input per unit output. units of feed per unit of gain
feed conversion
7:1 Cattle
4-6:1 Sheep
2-3:1 Swine
2:1 Broiler
!.1:1 Fish
Normal Growth Curve
Sigmoidal
Types of muscle
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
Inspection
All meat is inspected, must have an inspected and passed shield on the packaged
beef grading
classify product in terms that aid in long distance transactions.q
quality grade
based on amount of marbling in longissimus dorsi, maturity of carcass, gender, meat and fat color
determination of age
determined by ossification (red) of lumbar and thoracic vetebra, shape and color of ribs and color of lean. with increasing age increased ossification occurs. rib bones become wider and whiter as animal ages. lean color changes from bright red to muddy red.
beef yield grade
uses adjusted fat thickness, % kidney, pelvic and heart fat (KPH) and rib eye area.
yeild grade = 2.50+(2.5 x adjusted fat thickness) + (.2 x %kidney, pelvic and heart fat) + (0.0038 x hot carcass weight) - (0.32 x area of rib eye)