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Animal Science 1100 > Animal Science Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Animal Science Quiz 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

First animal to be domesticated?

A

Dog

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2
Q

Characteristics of Domestication (5)

A

Love in groups, dominance hierarchy, tolerate humans, adaptable, reproduce well in captivity.

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3
Q

functions of female repro tract (6)

A

control acitivy of organs, transport sperm, produce oocytes, provide enviornment for baby, give birth, repeat, provide nutrients to young.

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4
Q

vagina

A

sex organ, birth canal

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5
Q

cervix

A

sperm transport, regulate corpus luteum

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6
Q

uterus

A

sperm transport, site of implantation

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7
Q

ovary

A

produces oocytes, estrogen, and progesterone

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8
Q

oviduct/fallopian tube

A

transport of ova and sperm, site of fertilization

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9
Q

primordial follicles

A

present at birth, decreases as female mature

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10
Q

primary follicles

A

remain til puberty, most never ovulate

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11
Q

secondary follicles

A

The secondary follicles look very similar to primary follicles, except that they are larger, there are more follicular cells, and there are small accumulations of fluid in the intracellular spaces called follicular fluid (nutritive fluid for the oocyte). These gradually coalesce to form an antrum.

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12
Q

tertiary follicles

A

maturing follicles, antrum forms (fluid filled space),

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13
Q

graafian follicle

A

similiar structures of tertiary, layers and fluid increase, they can ovulate

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14
Q

corpus hemorrhagicum

A

newly ruptured follicle, blod clot

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15
Q

corpus luteum (CL)

A

The corpus luteum is a temporary collection of cells that forms on your ovary each menstrual cycle if you’re still getting a menstrual period. It appears right after an egg leaves your ovary (ovulation). The corpus luteum’s job is to make your uterus a healthy place for a fetus to grow.

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16
Q

corpus albicans (CA)

A

remains after CL regresses

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17
Q

dif in repro in poultry (4)

A

young are not suckled, egg laid outside, no defined pregnancy, only left ovary develops

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18
Q

purposes of male repro (4)

A

produce and maintain sperm, detect females in estrus, imseminate females and fertilize eggss

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19
Q

scrotum

A

2-lobed pourch that houses testes. physical barrier, temperature regulation, movement. concentric layers.

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20
Q

testes

A

male gonads, produce sperm and testosterone

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21
Q

cryptorchidism

A

failtrue of one or borth testes to descend to scrotum. unilateral - one. it is still fertiel. bilateral -2 sterile.

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22
Q

spermatogenesis

A

formation of spermatozoa. seminiferous tubules, interstitial space

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23
Q

cell types

A

leydig, sertoli

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24
Q

epididymis

A

highly concoluted duct attached to tunica albuginea. sperm transport, sperm maturation, concentration of sperm, storage.

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25
Q

penis

A

organ of copulation. root, body, glans penis (head).

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26
Q

fibroelastic

A

elastic tissue. extends in length for erection. muscle relaxes to let it out. (bull, ram, boar)

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27
Q

vascular

A

dorsal and ventrical erectile tissues. fill with blood for erection. engorges (stallion, human)

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28
Q

breeding soundness exam (BSE) (3)

A

evaluate and classify breeding ability of.a male, physical exam, eval of repro tract, semen collection and evaluation. does not guarantee fertility or detect libido.

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29
Q

factors impacting BSE (6)

A

age, disease, heat stress, body condition, collection procedure, season

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30
Q

progesterone

A

hormone that maintains pregnancy.

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31
Q

sperm made

A

seminiferous tubules. testosterone is produced in between tubules called leydig or intersititial cells

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32
Q

vas deferens

A

transportation tube that carries sperm from epididymus to urethra

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33
Q

ampulla

A

temporary sperm storage for rapid ejaculation

34
Q

poultry male repro

A

testes are inside. no penis. sperm papillae, rudimentary sex organ. oviduct. sperm sotored in oviduct. fertilization in infundibiulum.

35
Q

gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH

A

source: hypothalamus. target: anterior pitituary. function: release of LH and FSH

36
Q

Lutenizing Hormone (LH_)

A

source: anterior pitituary. target: ovary. function: ovulation, CL formation, progesterone production

37
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

source: anterior pitiuary. target: ovary, testes. Fuction: development of follicle, estrogen synthesis, sperm production.

38
Q

Prolactin

A

source: ant. pitituary. Target: mammary. Function: milk synthesis, maternal behavior.

39
Q

oxytocin:

A

Source: posterior pitituary. Target: uterus, mammary. Function: famete transport, uterine contraction, milk let down.

40
Q

estrogen

A

Source: follicle/placenta. Target: uterus/hypothalamus, mammary. Function: mating behavior, uterine growth, secondary sex, promotes GnRH release

41
Q

progesterone

A

Source: corpus luteum, placenta. Target: uterus/mammary/hypothalamus. fuction: maintains pregnancy, mammary development, inhibits GnRH release

42
Q

testosterone:

A

source: interstitial cells of testis. target: skeletal muscile/seminiferous tubles/repro tract. function: anabolic growth, seprm, seconary sex.

43
Q

prostagglandin

A

source. uterus. target, corpus luteum, uterus, graafian ollicles,. fuction: regression of Cl/ uterine contraction/ovulation.

44
Q

estrus

A

heat. accept sex. ovulation follows

45
Q

corpus luteum

A

if pregnancy occurs, this stops the periods. lowers progesterone and promotes GnRH

46
Q

cows cycles

A

regular yearlong

47
Q

horses cycles

A

long days

48
Q

sheep cycles

A

short days

49
Q

cow pregnancy

A

285 days. one kid

50
Q

ewe pregnancy

A

147 days. 1-3 kids.

51
Q

mare pregnancy

A

336 days. 1 kid

52
Q

sow preg

A

114 days. 6-14 kids

53
Q

doe preg

A

150 days. 2-3 kids.

54
Q

bison preg

A

270 days. 1 kid.

55
Q

parturition

A

birth. initated by cortisol from the baby.

56
Q

dystocia

A

abnormal birth. incorrect fetal position or excessive weight.

57
Q

polyestrus

A

heat regularly throughout the year (cow, sow)

58
Q

season polyestrus

A

heat during certain seasons (sheep, goats, deer, mare)

59
Q

monoestrus

A

one cycle per year (dogs, wolves, bear, fox)

60
Q

repro technology (8)

A

AI, embryo transfer, sperm sexing, embryo sexing, in vitro, nuclear transfer cloning, pre-implantation, genetic diagnosis.

61
Q

advantages of AI (4)

A

advantageous genetics through use of superior sires, disease control, improved records, no need to keep bulls

62
Q

semen collection

A

artifical vagina, electroejaculation

63
Q

semen evaluation (4)

A

volume, concentration, motility, morphology

64
Q

estrous synchoronization

A

makes use of hormoes to control estrous cycle.

65
Q

purpose of embryo transfer (4)

A

increased productivity of superior donors, maximize use of valuable semen, transport genetics across long distances, prodcution of identical offspring by embryo splitting,.

66
Q

reproduction efficiency

A

measured by number of offspring born

67
Q

chromosome pairs in humans

A

23

68
Q

chromosome pairs in cattle

A

30

69
Q

chromosome pairs in swine

A

19

70
Q

chromosome pairs in horses

A

32

71
Q

chromosome pairs in chicken

A

39

72
Q

chromosome pairs in corn

A

10c

73
Q

crhomosome pairs in barley

A

27

74
Q

phenotype

A

environment + genotype

75
Q

epistasis

A

many gene pairs work together to prodcue gene expression

76
Q

heterosis

A

crossbred individual superior to parents

77
Q

crossbreeding

A

mating two species, breed, or types

78
Q

outcrossing/outbreeding

A

breeding of unrelated individuals

79
Q

inbreeding

A

breed from closely related individuals

80
Q

line breedinb

A

common ancestor, but not directly related

Animal Science 1100 (2 decks)

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