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Animal Science 1100 > Animal Science Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Animal Science Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

First animal to be domesticated?

A

Dog

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2
Q

Characteristics of Domestication (5)

A

Love in groups, dominance hierarchy, tolerate humans, adaptable, reproduce well in captivity.

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3
Q

functions of female repro tract (6)

A

control acitivy of organs, transport sperm, produce oocytes, provide enviornment for baby, give birth, repeat, provide nutrients to young.

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4
Q

vagina

A

sex organ, birth canal

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5
Q

cervix

A

sperm transport, regulate corpus luteum

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6
Q

uterus

A

sperm transport, site of implantation

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7
Q

ovary

A

produces oocytes, estrogen, and progesterone

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8
Q

oviduct/fallopian tube

A

transport of ova and sperm, site of fertilization

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9
Q

primordial follicles

A

present at birth, decreases as female mature

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10
Q

primary follicles

A

remain til puberty, most never ovulate

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11
Q

secondary follicles

A

The secondary follicles look very similar to primary follicles, except that they are larger, there are more follicular cells, and there are small accumulations of fluid in the intracellular spaces called follicular fluid (nutritive fluid for the oocyte). These gradually coalesce to form an antrum.

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12
Q

tertiary follicles

A

maturing follicles, antrum forms (fluid filled space),

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13
Q

graafian follicle

A

similiar structures of tertiary, layers and fluid increase, they can ovulate

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14
Q

corpus hemorrhagicum

A

newly ruptured follicle, blod clot

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15
Q

corpus luteum (CL)

A

The corpus luteum is a temporary collection of cells that forms on your ovary each menstrual cycle if you’re still getting a menstrual period. It appears right after an egg leaves your ovary (ovulation). The corpus luteum’s job is to make your uterus a healthy place for a fetus to grow.

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16
Q

corpus albicans (CA)

A

remains after CL regresses

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17
Q

dif in repro in poultry (4)

A

young are not suckled, egg laid outside, no defined pregnancy, only left ovary develops

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18
Q

purposes of male repro (4)

A

produce and maintain sperm, detect females in estrus, imseminate females and fertilize eggss

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19
Q

scrotum

A

2-lobed pourch that houses testes. physical barrier, temperature regulation, movement. concentric layers.

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20
Q

testes

A

male gonads, produce sperm and testosterone

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21
Q

cryptorchidism

A

failtrue of one or borth testes to descend to scrotum. unilateral - one. it is still fertiel. bilateral -2 sterile.

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22
Q

spermatogenesis

A

formation of spermatozoa. seminiferous tubules, interstitial space

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23
Q

cell types

A

leydig, sertoli

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24
Q

epididymis

A

highly concoluted duct attached to tunica albuginea. sperm transport, sperm maturation, concentration of sperm, storage.

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25
penis
organ of copulation. root, body, glans penis (head).
26
fibroelastic
elastic tissue. extends in length for erection. muscle relaxes to let it out. (bull, ram, boar)
27
vascular
dorsal and ventrical erectile tissues. fill with blood for erection. engorges (stallion, human)
28
breeding soundness exam (BSE) (3)
evaluate and classify breeding ability of.a male, physical exam, eval of repro tract, semen collection and evaluation. does not guarantee fertility or detect libido.
29
factors impacting BSE (6)
age, disease, heat stress, body condition, collection procedure, season
30
progesterone
hormone that maintains pregnancy.
31
sperm made
seminiferous tubules. testosterone is produced in between tubules called leydig or intersititial cells
32
vas deferens
transportation tube that carries sperm from epididymus to urethra
33
ampulla
temporary sperm storage for rapid ejaculation
34
poultry male repro
testes are inside. no penis. sperm papillae, rudimentary sex organ. oviduct. sperm sotored in oviduct. fertilization in infundibiulum.
35
gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH
source: hypothalamus. target: anterior pitituary. function: release of LH and FSH
36
Lutenizing Hormone (LH_)
source: anterior pitituary. target: ovary. function: ovulation, CL formation, progesterone production
37
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
source: anterior pitiuary. target: ovary, testes. Fuction: development of follicle, estrogen synthesis, sperm production.
38
Prolactin
source: ant. pitituary. Target: mammary. Function: milk synthesis, maternal behavior.
39
oxytocin:
Source: posterior pitituary. Target: uterus, mammary. Function: famete transport, uterine contraction, milk let down.
40
estrogen
Source: follicle/placenta. Target: uterus/hypothalamus, mammary. Function: mating behavior, uterine growth, secondary sex, promotes GnRH release
41
progesterone
Source: corpus luteum, placenta. Target: uterus/mammary/hypothalamus. fuction: maintains pregnancy, mammary development, inhibits GnRH release
42
testosterone:
source: interstitial cells of testis. target: skeletal muscile/seminiferous tubles/repro tract. function: anabolic growth, seprm, seconary sex.
43
prostagglandin
source. uterus. target, corpus luteum, uterus, graafian ollicles,. fuction: regression of Cl/ uterine contraction/ovulation.
44
estrus
heat. accept sex. ovulation follows
45
corpus luteum
if pregnancy occurs, this stops the periods. lowers progesterone and promotes GnRH
46
cows cycles
regular yearlong
47
horses cycles
long days
48
sheep cycles
short days
49
cow pregnancy
285 days. one kid
50
ewe pregnancy
147 days. 1-3 kids.
51
mare pregnancy
336 days. 1 kid
52
sow preg
114 days. 6-14 kids
53
doe preg
150 days. 2-3 kids.
54
bison preg
270 days. 1 kid.
55
parturition
birth. initated by cortisol from the baby.
56
dystocia
abnormal birth. incorrect fetal position or excessive weight.
57
polyestrus
heat regularly throughout the year (cow, sow)
58
season polyestrus
heat during certain seasons (sheep, goats, deer, mare)
59
monoestrus
one cycle per year (dogs, wolves, bear, fox)
60
repro technology (8)
AI, embryo transfer, sperm sexing, embryo sexing, in vitro, nuclear transfer cloning, pre-implantation, genetic diagnosis.
61
advantages of AI (4)
advantageous genetics through use of superior sires, disease control, improved records, no need to keep bulls
62
semen collection
artifical vagina, electroejaculation
63
semen evaluation (4)
volume, concentration, motility, morphology
64
estrous synchoronization
makes use of hormoes to control estrous cycle.
65
purpose of embryo transfer (4)
increased productivity of superior donors, maximize use of valuable semen, transport genetics across long distances, prodcution of identical offspring by embryo splitting,.
66
reproduction efficiency
measured by number of offspring born
67
chromosome pairs in humans
23
68
chromosome pairs in cattle
30
69
chromosome pairs in swine
19
70
chromosome pairs in horses
32
71
chromosome pairs in chicken
39
72
chromosome pairs in corn
10c
73
crhomosome pairs in barley
27
74
phenotype
environment + genotype
75
epistasis
many gene pairs work together to prodcue gene expression
76
heterosis
crossbred individual superior to parents
77
crossbreeding
mating two species, breed, or types
78
outcrossing/outbreeding
breeding of unrelated individuals
79
inbreeding
breed from closely related individuals
80
line breedinb
common ancestor, but not directly related

Animal Science 1100 (5 decks)

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