FINAL Flashcards
What is the endocrine system
Complex communication network composed of glands and glandular tissue that make, store and secrete chemical messengers called hormones.
What does endocrine system do?
Reproduction
Growth and development
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Energy metabolism
Host defense
Respond to stress and injury
What is hypothalamus
Organ in the brain that secretes factors that can directly inhibit or stimulate the pituitary
What are hormones of anterior pituitary?
Growth hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Prolactin
Melanocyte
What are hormones of post pit?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin
What does Growth hormone and Adrenocorticotropic hormone do?
GH –stimulates development of bones, muscles and organs
ACTH – Controls growth/devep and function of cortex of adrenal glands – regulates secretion of adrenal hormones - increased in response to stress
What does Thyroid stimulating hormone and Follicle stimulating hormone do?
TSH – Controls secretion of thyroid gland
FSH = Stimulates develop of eggs
What does Luteinizing hormone
Prolactin
Melanocyte
LH – Stim breast milk
Prolaction – stimulate breast milk
Melanoxyte – skin pigment
What does Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and
Oxytocin do?
ADH – Causes reabsorption of water
Oxytocin – contraction in labor and breast milk
What are diseases of Anterior Pit?
Hypersecretion of ACTH= Cushing’s Disease (neoplasm of gland)
Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone = Giantism
Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone = Acromegaly
What are diseases of Post Pit?
Hypersecretion of ADH=SIADH
Hyposecretion of ADH= DI
What are diseases of Adrenal cortex?
Insufficient secretion= Addison’s Disease
Acute adrenal insufficiency=Adrenal Crisis
Hyperfunction= Cushing’s Syndrome
What are diseases of Adrenal medulla?
Hyperfunction=Pheochromocytoma
Pituitary adenoma
Tumor
More common in women, teens to 30’s
-Amenorrhea, abnormal milk and hypothyroidism
Gigantism
-Define
-Tx
Secretion of GH in children before fusion of epiphyseal growth plates. Can be 7-8ft tall
TX - drug therapy, radiation, surgery
DI - Post pit disorder
Define
S/S
24 urine output?
Excessive output of dilute urine
ADH deficiency or inability of kidneys to respond to ADH
Massive diuresis, dehydration, thirst, malaise, lethargy, irritability
24 hr urine greater than 4 L
Adrenal glands
Medulla?
Cortex?
Medulla – surrounded by adrenal cortex
Secretes norepinephrine, epinephrine - Stimulate sympathetic nervous system
Function to adapt to stress (fight or flight) and maintain hemostasis
Cortex - Essential for maintaining many life-sustaining physiological activities
What steroids does the cortex produce?
Mineral corticoids / sugar
Aldostorone - promotes reabsorbtion of sodium & secretion of potassium
Glucocorticoids / salt
Cortisol - needs to be present for other processes, control metabolism, reg antiinflamm and immune, emotional states
Androgens or estrogens
What are signs of adrenal crisis?
LIFE THREATENING EMERGENCY
Profound fatigue
Hypotension, tachycardia, confusion
Dehydration
Vascular collapse
Renal shut down
Serum NA derease - hyponatremia
Serum K increase - hyperkalemia
Hypercalcemia
Hypoglycemia
What is most common cause of anterior pit disorder?
TUMORS
S/S - headache, visual disturbances
What can cause adrenal crisis?
Sudden decrease in available adrenal hormones
Adrenal surgery, pit destruction, abrupt withdrawl from steorids, stress
Pheochromocytoma
S/S
Continually in fight or flight state
PRIMARY S/S Arterial HTN
Excessive sweating
Palpitations
Headhache
Hyperventilation
Flushing
Cardiomegaly
CHF
Vent failure
Pheochromocytoma-
Pre-op
Post-op
Pre-op
Stimulant free diet
Bedrest
Regitine (alpha adrenergic blocker) and/or Minipress
Inderal
Post op
Monitor for Hypovolemic shock caused by rapid relaxation of constricted blood vessels!
Monitor for transient hypertensive episodes
What are the organs of the urinary system
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
